Odden Ane, Enemark Heidi L, Robertson Lucy J, Ruiz Antonio, Hektoen Lisbeth, Stuen Snorre
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106, Oslo, Norway.
Parasitol Res. 2017 Apr;116(4):1237-1245. doi: 10.1007/s00436-017-5400-7. Epub 2017 Feb 11.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of anticoccidials in Norwegian sheep flocks and identify farms with management procedures likely to select for drug resistance. Data were obtained by a questionnaire sent to all members of the Norwegian Sheep Recording System in October 2015. The data set consisted of 1215 answers, corresponding to 8.5% of Norwegian sheep flocks. Anticoccidials were used in 82.7% of flocks. Main treatment was at turnout (38.6% of treated flocks) or 1 week after turnout (32.4%). Interestingly, clinical signs possibly related to coccidiosis were observed by almost 40% of the farmers after treatment, which might be an indication of drug resistance. Correlations between the apparently reduced anticoccidial efficacy and management conditions, such as the size of the farms, were found. From the farmers' perspective, metaphylactic treatment was used in 88.5% of treated flocks, of which approximately one third had no history of clinical coccidiosis. Even though farmers seem aware of the importance of good drenching routines based on reliable estimates of weights and calibration of drench guns, drench gun used for anticoccidial administration was never calibrated in 12.1% of the flocks. Finally, dose estimation was made by visual appraisal in 27.5% of the flocks, which can lead to incorrect dosing. Based on the present study, it cannot be determined whether the apparent treatment failure was related to management practises, incorrect administration of the drug, other infections or actual anticoccidial drug resistance.
本研究的目的是调查挪威羊群中抗球虫药的使用情况，并识别出具有可能导致耐药性选择的管理程序的农场。数据通过2015年10月发送给挪威绵羊记录系统所有成员的一份调查问卷获得。数据集包含1215份回复，相当于挪威羊群的8.5%。82.7%的羊群使用了抗球虫药。主要治疗时间是在转群时（占接受治疗羊群的38.6%）或转群后1周（32.4%）。有趣的是，近40%的养殖户在治疗后观察到了可能与球虫病相关的临床症状，这可能是耐药性的一个迹象。发现了抗球虫药疗效明显降低与管理条件（如农场规模）之间的相关性。从养殖户的角度来看，88.5%接受治疗的羊群进行了预防性治疗，其中约三分之一没有临床球虫病病史。尽管养殖户似乎意识到了基于可靠体重估计和灌药枪校准的良好灌药程序的重要性，但在12.1%的羊群中，用于抗球虫药给药的灌药枪从未校准过。最后，27.5%的羊群通过目测进行剂量估计，这可能导致给药错误。基于本研究，无法确定明显的治疗失败是否与管理做法、药物给药不当、其他感染或实际的抗球虫药耐药性有关。
