促黑素神经元：从生到死
POMC Neurons: From Birth to Death.
作者信息
Toda Chitoku, Santoro Anna, Kim Jung Dae, Diano Sabrina
机构信息
Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; email:
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
出版信息
Annu Rev Physiol. 2017 Feb 10;79:209-236. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034110.
The hypothalamus is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that regulates an organism's basic functions, such as homeostasis and reproduction. Several hypothalamic nuclei and neuronal circuits have been the focus of many studies seeking to understand their role in regulating these basic functions. Within the hypothalamic neuronal populations, the arcuate melanocortin system plays a major role in controlling homeostatic functions. The arcuate pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in particular have been shown to be critical regulators of metabolism and reproduction because of their projections to several brain areas both in and outside of the hypothalamus, such as autonomic regions of the brain stem and spinal cord. Here, we review and discuss the current understanding of POMC neurons from their development and intracellular regulators to their physiological functions and pathological dysregulation.
下丘脑是一种在进化上保守的脑结构，它调节生物体的基本功能，如体内平衡和繁殖。几个下丘脑核团和神经回路一直是许多研究的重点，这些研究旨在了解它们在调节这些基本功能中的作用。在下丘脑神经元群体中，弓状黑皮质素系统在控制体内平衡功能方面发挥着主要作用。特别是弓状前阿黑皮素原（POMC）神经元，由于它们投射到下丘脑内外的几个脑区，如脑干和脊髓的自主神经区域，已被证明是代谢和繁殖的关键调节因子。在这里，我们回顾并讨论了目前对POMC神经元的理解，从它们的发育、细胞内调节因子到它们的生理功能和病理失调。
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