Igalavithana Avanthi Deshani, Lee Sung-Eun, Lee Young Han, Tsang Daniel C W, Rinklebe Jörg, Kwon Eilhann E, Ok Yong Sik
Korea Biochar Research Center & School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
Chemosphere. 2017 May;174:593-603. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.148. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
In order to determine the efficacy of vegetable waste and pine cone biochar for immobilization of metal/metalloid (lead and arsenic) and abundance of microbial community in different agricultural soils, we applied the biochar produced at two different temperatures to two contaminated soils. Biochar was produced by vegetable waste, pine cone, and their mixture (1:1 ww) at 200 °C (torrefied biomass) and 500 °C (biochar). Contaminated soils were incubated with 5% (ww) torrefied biomass or biochar. Sequential extraction, thermodynamic modeling, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to evaluate the metal immobilization. Microbial communities were characterized by microbial fatty acid profiles and microbial activity was assessed by dehydrogenase activity. Vegetable waste and the mixture of vegetable waste and pine cone biochar exhibited greater ability for Pb immobilization than pine cone biochar and three torrefied biomass, and vegetable waste biochar was found to be most effective. However, torrefied biomass was most effective in increasing both microbial community and dehydrogenase activity. This study confirms that vegetable waste could be a vital biomass to produce biochar to immobilize Pb, and increase the microbial communities and enzyme activity in soils. Biomass and pyrolytic temperature were not found to be effective in the immobilization of As in this study.
为了确定蔬菜废弃物和松果生物炭对不同农业土壤中金属/类金属（铅和砷）的固定效果以及微生物群落丰度，我们将在两种不同温度下制备的生物炭施用于两种受污染土壤。生物炭由蔬菜废弃物、松果及其混合物（重量比1:1）在200℃（热解生物质）和500℃（生物炭）下制备而成。受污染土壤与5%（重量比）的热解生物质或生物炭一起进行培养。采用连续提取、热力学建模以及配备能量色散X射线光谱仪的扫描电子显微镜来评估金属固定情况。通过微生物脂肪酸谱对微生物群落进行表征，并通过脱氢酶活性评估微生物活性。蔬菜废弃物以及蔬菜废弃物与松果生物炭的混合物对铅的固定能力比松果生物炭和三种热解生物质更强，且发现蔬菜废弃物生物炭最为有效。然而，热解生物质在增加微生物群落和脱氢酶活性方面最为有效。本研究证实，蔬菜废弃物可能是制备用于固定铅、增加土壤中微生物群落和酶活性的生物炭的重要生物质。在本研究中，生物质和热解温度对砷的固定没有效果。
