Rayala Brian Z, Morrell Dean S
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine Department of Family Medicine, 590 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine Dermatology Residency Program, 410 Market St. Suite 400 CB#7715, Chapel Hill, NC 27516.
FP Essent. 2017 Feb;453:26-32.
Skin infections account for a significant subset of dermatologic conditions of childhood. Common cutaneous viral infections in children include warts, molluscum contagiosum, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and herpes simplex. Although viral infections are self-limited and often only mildly symptomatic, they can cause anxiety, embarrassment, and health care use. Recognition of their common and atypical presentations is necessary to differentiate them from other skin conditions of similar morphology. Impetigo, cellulitis, and abscess comprise the majority of childhood bacterial skin infections and are treated with topical or systemic antibiotics that cover group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Common fungal dermatologic infections in children are oral and genital candidiasis, tinea capitis, and tinea corporis. Management consists of topical and systemic antifungals, including nystatin, triazoles, terbinafine, griseofulvin, and imidazoles. Scabies is the most common parasitic skin infection among children and is managed with topical permethrin. Although serious illness is not common among children returning from international travel, patients presenting with fever and rash, especially petechial or hemorrhagic lesions, require thorough evaluation. Of the numerous reportable conditions that present with childhood rash, tick-borne illnesses, measles, rubella, and varicella are the most common.
皮肤感染在儿童皮肤病中占相当大的比例。儿童常见的皮肤病毒感染包括疣、传染性软疣、手足口病和单纯疱疹。虽然病毒感染是自限性的，通常症状较轻，但它们会引起焦虑、尴尬，并导致医疗资源的使用。识别其常见和非典型表现对于将它们与其他形态相似的皮肤病进行区分是必要的。脓疱病、蜂窝织炎和脓肿构成了儿童细菌性皮肤感染的大部分，治疗方法是使用覆盖A组链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的局部或全身抗生素。儿童常见的真菌性皮肤感染是口腔和生殖器念珠菌病、头癣和体癣。治疗包括局部和全身抗真菌药，如制霉菌素、三唑类、特比萘芬、灰黄霉素和咪唑类。疥疮是儿童中最常见的寄生虫性皮肤感染，治疗方法是使用局部氯菊酯。虽然从国际旅行归来的儿童中严重疾病并不常见，但出现发热和皮疹的患者，尤其是瘀点或出血性病变患者，需要进行全面评估。在众多伴有儿童皮疹的应报告疾病中，蜱传疾病、麻疹、风疹和水痘最为常见。
