Cao Joseph, Courey Albert J
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;963:249-257. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_15.
The ubiquitin -like protein SUMO is conjugated covalently to hundreds of target proteins in organisms throughout the eukaryotic domain. Genetic and biochemical studies using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster are beginning to reveal many essential functions for SUMO in cell biology and development. For example, SUMO regulates multiple signaling pathways such as the Ras/MAPK, Dpp, and JNK pathways. In addition, SUMO regulates transcription through conjugation to many transcriptional regulatory proteins, including Bicoid, Spalt , Scm, and Groucho. In some cases, conjugation of SUMO to a target protein inhibits its normal activity, while in other cases SUMO conjugation stimulates target protein activity. SUMO often modulates a biological process by altering the subcellular localization of a target protein. The ability of SUMO and other ubiquitin-like proteins to diversify protein function may be critical to the evolution of developmental complexity.
类泛素蛋白SUMO在整个真核域的生物体中与数百种靶蛋白共价结合。使用模式生物黑腹果蝇进行的遗传和生化研究开始揭示SUMO在细胞生物学和发育中的许多重要功能。例如，SUMO调节多种信号通路，如Ras/MAPK、Dpp和JNK通路。此外，SUMO通过与许多转录调节蛋白（包括双胸蛋白、Spalt、Scm和Groucho）结合来调节转录。在某些情况下，SUMO与靶蛋白的结合会抑制其正常活性，而在其他情况下，SUMO结合会刺激靶蛋白活性。SUMO通常通过改变靶蛋白的亚细胞定位来调节生物过程。SUMO和其他类泛素蛋白使蛋白质功能多样化的能力可能对发育复杂性的进化至关重要。
