Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; email:
Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic.
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2017 Feb 8;5:255-279. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022818.
We describe the domestication of the species, explore its value to agriculture and bioscience, and compare its immunoglobulin (Ig) genes to those of other vertebrates. For encyclopedic information, we cite earlier reviews and chapters. We provide current gene maps for the heavy and light chain loci and describe their polygeny and polymorphy. B-cell and antibody repertoire development is a major focus, and we present findings that challenge several mouse-centric paradigms. We focus special attention on the role of ileal Peyer's patches, the largest secondary lymphoid tissues in newborn piglets and a feature of all artiodactyls. We believe swine fetal development and early class switch evolved to provide natural secretory IgA antibodies able to prevent translocation of bacteria from the gut while the bacterial PAMPs drive development of adaptive immunity. We discuss the value of using the isolator piglet model to address these issues.
我们描述了该物种的驯化过程，探讨了它对农业和生物科学的价值，并将其免疫球蛋白 (Ig) 基因与其他脊椎动物的基因进行了比较。对于百科全书式的信息，我们引用了早期的综述和章节。我们提供了重链和轻链基因座的当前基因图谱，并描述了它们的多基因性和多态性。B 细胞和抗体库的发育是一个主要焦点，我们提出的发现挑战了几个以小鼠为中心的范式。我们特别关注回肠派尔集合淋巴结的作用，它是新生仔猪中最大的次级淋巴组织，也是所有偶蹄类动物的特征。我们认为，猪胎儿的发育和早期类别转换是为了提供能够防止细菌从肠道易位的天然分泌型 IgA 抗体，而细菌的 PAMPs 则驱动适应性免疫的发展。我们讨论了使用隔离仔猪模型来解决这些问题的价值。
