Fiers Jorian, Cay Ann Brigitte, Maes Dominiek, Tignon Marylène
Unit Viral Re-Emerging, Enzootic and Bee Diseases, Department Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium.
Unit of Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;12(8):942. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080942.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in pig production worldwide and responsible for enormous production and economic losses. PRRSV infection in gestating gilts and sows induces important reproductive failure. Additionally, respiratory distress is observed in infected piglets and fattening pigs, resulting in growth retardation and increased mortality. Importantly, PRRSV infection interferes with immunity in the respiratory tract, making PRRSV-infected pigs more susceptible to opportunistic secondary pathogens. Despite the availability of commercial PRRSV vaccines for more than three decades, control of the disease remains a frustrating and challenging task. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of PRRSV, covering its history, economic and scientific importance, and description of the viral structure and genetic diversity. It explores the virus's pathogenesis, including cell tropism, viral entry, replication, stages of infection and epidemiology. It reviews the porcine innate and adaptative immune responses to comprehend the modulation mechanisms employed by PRRS for immune evasion.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是全球养猪业中最重要的病原体之一，会造成巨大的生产和经济损失。妊娠后备母猪和母猪感染PRRSV会引发严重的繁殖障碍。此外，感染的仔猪和育肥猪会出现呼吸窘迫，导致生长发育迟缓并增加死亡率。重要的是，PRRSV感染会干扰呼吸道免疫，使感染PRRSV的猪更容易受到机会性继发病原体的侵害。尽管三十多年来一直有商业化的PRRSV疫苗，但控制该疾病仍然是一项令人沮丧且具有挑战性的任务。本文全面概述了PRRSV，涵盖其历史、经济和科学重要性，以及病毒结构和遗传多样性的描述。探讨了病毒的发病机制，包括细胞嗜性、病毒进入、复制、感染阶段和流行病学。回顾了猪的固有免疫和适应性免疫反应，以了解PRRS用于免疫逃避的调节机制。
