Shannon B, Gajer P, Yi T J, Ma B, Humphrys M S, Thomas-Pavanel J, Chieza L, Janakiram P, Saunders M, Tharao W, Huibner S, Shahabi K, Ravel J, Kaul R
Department of Medicine, and.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Infect Dis. 2017 May 1;215(9):1366-1375. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix088.
Genital inflammation is a key determinant of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, and may increase HIV-susceptible target cells and alter epithelial integrity. Several genital conditions that increase HIV risk are more prevalent in African, Caribbean, and other black (ACB) women, including bacterial vaginosis and herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection. Therefore, we assessed the impact of the genital microbiota on mucosal immunology in ACB women and microbiome-HSV-2 interactions.
Cervicovaginal secretions and endocervical cells were collected by cytobrush and Instead Softcup, respectively. T cells and dendritic cells were assessed by flow cytometry, cytokines by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the microbiota by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing.
The cervicovaginal microbiota of 51 participants were composed of community state types (CSTs) showing diversity (20/51; 39%) or predominated by Lactobacillus iners (22/51; 42%), L. crispatus (7/51; 14%), or L. gasseri (2/51; 4%). High-diversity CSTs and specific bacterial phyla (Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia) were strongly associated with cervicovaginal inflammatory cytokines, but not with altered endocervical immune cells. However, cervical CD4+ T-cell number was associated with HSV-2 infection and a distinct cytokine profile.
This suggests that the genital microbiota and HSV-2 infection may influence HIV susceptibility through independent biological mechanisms.
生殖器炎症是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）传播的关键决定因素，可能会增加HIV易感靶细胞数量并改变上皮完整性。几种增加HIV感染风险的生殖器疾病在非洲、加勒比地区及其他黑人（ACB）女性中更为普遍，包括细菌性阴道病和2型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-2）感染。因此，我们评估了ACB女性生殖器微生物群对黏膜免疫学的影响以及微生物群与HSV-2的相互作用。
分别通过细胞刷和Instead Softcup收集宫颈阴道分泌物和宫颈内细胞。通过流式细胞术评估T细胞和树突状细胞，通过多重酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）评估细胞因子，通过16S核糖体核糖核酸基因测序评估微生物群。
51名参与者的宫颈阴道微生物群由多种群落状态类型（CSTs）组成，表现出多样性（20/51；39%）或主要由惰性乳杆菌（22/51；42%）、卷曲乳杆菌（7/51；14%）或加氏乳杆菌（2/51；4%）主导。高多样性CSTs和特定细菌门类（阴道加德纳菌和二路普雷沃菌）与宫颈阴道炎性细胞因子密切相关，但与宫颈内免疫细胞改变无关。然而，宫颈CD4+ T细胞数量与HSV-2感染及独特的细胞因子谱相关。
这表明生殖器微生物群和HSV-2感染可能通过独立的生物学机制影响HIV易感性。
