Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban 4001, South Africa.
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 8001, South Africa.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2018 Mar 1;40(1):e34-e45. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx012.
To determine the proportion of participants identified with previously undiagnosed diabetes and untreated hypertension in the Heart and Stroke Foundation South Africa's screening programme.
This cross-sectional study was conducted nationally in 2013 among ≥18-year-old adults self-selected for screening. Data collection included medical history and behaviours related to diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol use. Clinical measurements comprised blood pressure, anthropometry and point-of-care random blood glucose and cholesterol assessments.
Among the 7711 participants, 2488 men and 5223 women, mean ages were 47.6 years and 48.6 years, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes was 13.8% in men and 12.8% in women but only 1.8% (45) and 0.9% (47), respectively, were newly diagnosed. Another 14.5% (men) and 12.4% (women) had impaired glycaemia. Only 32.9% and 36.3% with known diabetes were controlled. Hypertension was prevalent in 51.8% of men and 48.9% of women, 52.0% and 63.1% of whom were using anti-hypertensive medication; 43.2% of men and 45.5% of women on anti-hypertensive medication were controlled.
Very few individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes were identified, which underscores the need for cost-effective targeted screening of high-risk individuals to optimize diagnosis. Furthermore, the suboptimal levels of diabetes and hypertension control highlights the need for improved care.
确定南非心脏基金会筛查计划中先前未被诊断出的糖尿病和未经治疗的高血压参与者的比例。
这项横断面研究于 2013 年在全国范围内进行，针对自我选择接受筛查的≥18 岁成年人。数据收集包括与饮食、身体活动、吸烟和饮酒有关的病史和行为。临床测量包括血压、人体测量学以及即时随机血糖和胆固醇评估。
在 7711 名参与者中，有 2488 名男性和 5223 名女性，平均年龄分别为 47.6 岁和 48.6 岁。男性糖尿病患病率为 13.8%，女性为 12.8%，但仅有 1.8%（45 人）和 0.9%（47 人）被新诊断为糖尿病。另有 14.5%（男性）和 12.4%（女性）存在血糖受损。已知患有糖尿病的人中，仅有 32.9%和 36.3%得到控制。男性高血压患病率为 51.8%，女性为 48.9%，其中 52.0%和 63.1%正在服用抗高血压药物；男性中有 43.2%和女性中有 45.5%正在服用抗高血压药物的患者血压得到控制。
新诊断出的糖尿病患者很少，这突显了需要对高危人群进行具有成本效益的有针对性筛查，以优化诊断。此外，糖尿病和高血压控制水平不理想突出表明需要改善护理。
