Körber Michael, Schmid Klaus, Drexler Hans, Kiesel Johannes
Innere Medizin, St. Anna Krankenhaus, Sulzbach-Rosenberg.
Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Institutsleiter, Erlangen.
Gesundheitswesen. 2018 May;80(5):444-452. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-121596. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Medical and nursing shortages in rural areas represent a current serious public health problem. The healthcare of the rural population is at risk. This study compares perceived workload, job satisfaction and work-life balance of physicians and nurses at a clinic in a rural area with two clinics of a University hospital. Physicians and nurses were interviewed anonymously with a standardized questionnaire (paper and pencil), including questions on job satisfaction, subjective workload and work-life balance. The response rate was almost 50% in the University hospital as well as in the municipal hospital. 32 physicians and 54 nurses from the University hospital and 18 physicians and 137 nurses from the municipal hospital participated in the survey. Nurses at the University hospital assessed the organization of the daily routine with 94.1% as better than those at the municipal hospital (82.4%, p=0.03). Physicians at the University hospital were able to better implement acquired knowledge at a University clinic with 87.5% than their counterparts at the municipal hospital (55.5%, p=0.02). In contrast to their colleagues at the municipal hospital, only 50% of the physicians at the University hospital subjectively considered their workload as just right (83.3% municipal, p=0.02). 96.9% of the physicians at the University hospital were "daily" or "several times a week" under time pressure (municipal 50%, p<0.01). Nurses of both hospitals had sufficient opportunity to reconcile work and family life (62.9% University hospital, 72.8% Municipal hospital). In contrast, only 20% of the physicians at the University Hospital but 42.9% of the physicians of the municipal hospital had sufficient opportunities to balance workload and family (p=0.13). The return rate of almost 50% can be described as good. Due to the small number of physicians, especially from the municipal hospital, it can be assumed that some interesting differences could not be detected. There were only slight differences between the nurses from the two hospitals. In contrast, subjective workload and stress factors reported by physicians at the University Hospital were significantly higher than those by doctors at the municipal hospital.
农村地区的医疗和护理人员短缺是当前一个严重的公共卫生问题。农村人口的医疗保健面临风险。本研究将农村地区一家诊所的医生和护士与一家大学医院的两家诊所的医生和护士在感知工作量、工作满意度和工作生活平衡方面进行了比较。通过标准化问卷（纸笔形式）对医生和护士进行匿名访谈，问卷包括有关工作满意度、主观工作量和工作生活平衡的问题。大学医院和市立医院的回复率均接近50%。来自大学医院的32名医生和54名护士以及来自市立医院的18名医生和137名护士参与了调查。大学医院的护士中有94.1%认为日常工作安排比市立医院的护士更好（市立医院为82.4%，p = 0.03）。大学医院的医生在大学诊所能够更好地应用所学知识，比例为87.5%，高于市立医院的同行（55.5%，p = 0.02）。与市立医院的同事相比，大学医院只有50%的医生主观认为自己的工作量恰到好处（市立医院为83.3%，p = 0.02）。大学医院96.9%的医生“每天”或“每周几次”面临时间压力（市立医院为50%，p<0.01）。两家医院的护士都有足够的机会协调工作和家庭生活（大学医院为62.9%，市立医院为72.8%）。相比之下，大学医院只有20%的医生但市立医院42.9%的医生有足够的机会平衡工作量和家庭（p = 0.13）。接近50%的回复率可以说是不错的。由于医生数量较少，尤其是市立医院的医生，可能存在一些有趣的差异未被发现。两家医院的护士之间只有细微差异。相比之下，大学医院医生报告的主观工作量和压力因素明显高于市立医院的医生。
