Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 16;7:42753. doi: 10.1038/srep42753.
The overall stability of globular protein structures is marginal, a balance between large numbers of stabilizing non-covalent interactions and a destabilizing entropic term. Higher stability can be engineered by introduction of disulfide bonds, provided the redox environment is controlled. The discovery of stabilizing isopeptide bond crosslinks, formed spontaneously between lysine and asparagine (or aspartic acid) side chains in certain bacterial cell-surface proteins suggests that such bonds could be introduced by protein engineering as an alternative protein stabilization strategy. We report the first example of an isopeptide bond engineered de novo into an immunoglobulin-like protein, the minor pilin FctB from Streptococcus pyogenes. Four mutations were sufficient; lysine, asparagine and glutamic acid residues were introduced for the bond-forming reaction, with a fourth Val/Phe mutation to help steer the lysine side chain into position. The spontaneously-formed isopeptide bond was confirmed by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography, and was shown to increase the thermal stability by 10 °C compared with the wild type protein. This novel method for increasing the stability of IgG-like proteins has potential to be adopted by the field of antibody engineering, which share similar β-clasp Ig-type domains.
球状蛋白结构的整体稳定性很微弱,处于大量稳定的非共价相互作用和不稳定的熵项之间的平衡。通过引入二硫键可以提高稳定性,只要控制好氧化还原环境即可。在某些细菌表面蛋白中,赖氨酸和天冬氨酸(或天冬酰胺)侧链之间自发形成稳定的异肽键交联的发现表明,这种键可以通过蛋白质工程作为一种替代的蛋白质稳定策略引入。我们报告了第一个在免疫球蛋白样蛋白中从头设计的异肽键的例子,即酿脓链球菌的次要菌毛 FctB。仅需四个突变;引入用于键合反应的赖氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸残基,第四个 Val/Phe 突变有助于引导赖氨酸侧链进入正确位置。通过质谱和 X 射线晶体学证实了自发形成的异肽键,并表明与野生型蛋白质相比,该键将热稳定性提高了 10°C。这种提高 IgG 样蛋白稳定性的新方法有可能被抗体工程领域采用,因为它们具有相似的β夹 Ig 型结构域。