Shaki Samuel, Fischer Martin H
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University Ariel, Israel.
Division of Cognitive Science, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Feb 1;11:37. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00037. eCollection 2017.
Mental arithmetic exhibits various biases. Among those is a tendency to overestimate addition and to underestimate subtraction outcomes. Does such "operational momentum" (OM) also affect multiplication and division? Twenty-six adults produced lines whose lengths corresponded to the correct outcomes of multiplication and division problems shown in symbolic format. We found a reliable tendency to over-estimate division outcomes, i.e., reverse OM. We suggest that anchoring on the first operand (a tendency to use this number as a reference for further quantitative reasoning) contributes to cognitive biases in mental arithmetic.
心算存在各种偏差。其中之一是高估加法结果和低估减法结果的倾向。这种“运算动量”（OM）是否也会影响乘法和除法呢？26名成年人画出的线段长度与以符号形式呈现的乘除法问题的正确结果相对应。我们发现了一种可靠的高估除法结果的倾向，即反向运算动量。我们认为，以第一个操作数为锚定（一种将这个数字用作进一步定量推理参考的倾向）会导致心算中的认知偏差。
