Houwer Ruben, Kramer Tamara, den Hartigh Ruud, Kolman Nikki, Elferink-Gemser Marije, Huijgen Barbara
Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; HAN Sports and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Jan 30;55:139-148. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0013. eCollection 2017 Jan 1.
In tennis, mental toughness is often considered highly important in achieving the elite level. The current study is the first to examine behavioural expressions of mental toughness on the court and their relationships with self-reported measures. Based on the input of five experienced tennis coaches of junior tennis players and behaviours used in previous studies, we developed a taxonomy consisting of six positive behaviours and ten negative ones. To investigate the relationship between these on-court behaviours of mental toughness and how the players rated their own mental toughness, emotional control in particular, six talented tennis players (aged 10-13) were recorded during tennis matches and filled out the self-reported measure of mental toughness (MTQ48). The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the taxonomy was high. With regard to the relationships between on-court behaviours and self-reported mental toughness (total score and subscale emotional control), results revealed no significant correlations between the ratios of positive and negative behaviours (range r = -0.49 - 0.11, p > 0.05) or between the variability of negative behaviours (r = 0.54 & r = 0.10, p > 0.05) and the self-reported measure. However, interestingly, we found negative correlations between the variability of positive behaviours and self-reported mental toughness (r = -0.93 & r = -0.84, ρ < 0.05). These results indicate that variability in on-court behaviours provides interesting information about tennis players' mental toughness, more specifically on the (in)stability of their psychological state during a match.
在网球运动中，心理韧性通常被认为是达到精英水平的关键因素。本研究首次对网球场上心理韧性的行为表现及其与自我报告测量结果之间的关系进行了考察。基于五位青少年网球运动员经验丰富的教练的意见以及先前研究中使用的行为，我们制定了一个分类法，其中包括六种积极行为和十种消极行为。为了探究这些网球场上心理韧性的行为与球员如何评价自己的心理韧性（特别是情绪控制）之间的关系，我们在网球比赛期间对六名有天赋的网球运动员（年龄在10 - 13岁之间）进行了记录，并让他们填写了心理韧性自我报告测量量表（MTQ48）。该分类法的评分者内信度和评分者间信度都很高。关于场上行为与自我报告的心理韧性（总分和子量表情绪控制）之间的关系，结果显示积极和消极行为的比例之间（范围r = -0.49 - 0.11，p > 0.05）或消极行为的变异性与自我报告测量结果之间（r = 0.54 & r = 0.10，p > 0.05）均无显著相关性。然而，有趣的是，我们发现积极行为的变异性与自我报告的心理韧性之间存在负相关（r = -0.93 & r = -0.84，ρ < 0.05）。这些结果表明，场上行为的变异性为网球运动员的心理韧性提供了有趣的信息，更具体地说，是关于他们在比赛中心理状态的（不）稳定性。
