Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
Chemosphere. 2017 May;175:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.021. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) regarded as a green technology for aqueous ibuprofen treatment was investigated in this study. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs), and PtRu alloy, of which physicochemical properties were characterized by XRD and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, were used to synthesize three types of cheap and effective anodes based on commercial conductive glass. Furthermore, the operating parameters, such as the current densities, initial concentrations, and solution pH were also investigated. The intermediates determined by a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS system were used to evaluate the possible reaction pathway of ibuprofen (IBU). The results revealed that the usage of MWCNTs and PtRu alloy can effectively reduce the grain size of electrocatalysts and increase the surface activity from the XRD and XANES analysis. The results of CV analysis, degradation and mineralization efficiencies revealed that the EAOPs with PtRu-FTO anode were very effective due to advantages of the higher capacitance, CO tolerance, catalytic ability at less positive voltage and stability. The concentration trend of intermediates indicated that the potential cytotoxic to human caused by 1-(1-hydroxyenthyl)-4-isobutylbenzene was completely eliminated as the reaction time reaches 60 min. Therefore, EAOPs combined with synthesized anodes can be feasibly applied on the electrochemical degradation of ibuprofen.
本研究考察了电化学高级氧化工艺（EAOPs）作为一种处理水中布洛芬的绿色技术。多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）、铂纳米粒子（Pt NPs）和 PtRu 合金，其物理化学性质通过 XRD 和 X 射线吸收光谱进行了表征，被用于基于商业导电玻璃合成三种廉价且有效的阳极。此外，还研究了操作参数，如电流密度、初始浓度和溶液 pH 值。通过 UPLC-Q-TOF/MS 系统确定的中间体用于评估布洛芬（IBU）的可能反应途径。结果表明，MWCNTs 和 PtRu 合金的使用可以有效地减小电催化剂的晶粒尺寸，并通过 XRD 和 XANES 分析增加表面活性。CV 分析、降解和矿化效率的结果表明，由于 PtRu-FTO 阳极具有更高的电容、CO 耐受性、在较低正电压下的催化能力和稳定性，EAOPs 非常有效。中间体浓度趋势表明，随着反应时间达到 60 分钟，对人类潜在细胞毒性的 1-(1-羟基乙基)-4-异丁基苯完全消除。因此，EAOPs 与合成阳极结合可实际应用于布洛芬的电化学降解。
