Hivert Marie-France, McNeil Amy, Lavie Carl J, Arena Ross
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Mar-Apr;59(5):471-478. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
The growing incidence and prevalence of unhealthy living behaviors leading to compromised health, along with unhealthy supportive environments, are the primary reasons for the current chronic disease crisis in almost all countries. Over the course of health professions training across disciplines, a large amount about information regarding various aspects of chronic disease is introduced, from pathophysiology to a broad array of approaches to examinations (focused on diagnosis and prognosis) and interventions. Currently, a late primary or secondary prevention focus is the primary educational approach in the health professions. In either scenario, the health professional is often trained to approach their discipline from a catch up approach, with little focus on how an individual's health condition, at the time of presentation, came to be. It is unfortunate that so little educational time and effort are devoted to train future health professionals on how to practice Healthy Living Medicine (HLM) and, deliver healthy living (HL) interventions. The primary goal should be to keep individuals healthy where they live, work and go to school and minimize initiating care in the hospital and outpatient clinical setting. The current review describes current trends in training health professionals in HLM and the delivery of HL interventions.
不健康的生活行为导致健康受损的发生率和流行率不断上升，再加上不健康的支持性环境，几乎是所有国家当前慢性病危机的主要原因。在跨学科的卫生专业培训过程中，会引入大量关于慢性病各个方面的信息，从病理生理学到广泛的检查方法（侧重于诊断和预后）及干预措施。目前，以初级或二级预防为主的后期重点是卫生专业的主要教育方法。在这两种情况下，卫生专业人员通常接受的培训是采用追赶式方法来处理他们的学科，很少关注个体在就诊时的健康状况是如何形成的。遗憾的是，用于培训未来卫生专业人员如何实践健康生活医学（HLM）以及提供健康生活（HL）干预措施的教育时间和精力如此之少。主要目标应该是让人们在其生活、工作和上学的地方保持健康，并尽量减少在医院和门诊临床环境中开始治疗的情况。当前的综述描述了卫生专业人员在健康生活医学培训和提供健康生活干预措施方面的当前趋势。
