Kriegmair Maximilian C, Bergen Tobias, Ritter Manuel, Mandel Philipp, Michel Maurice S, Wittenberg Thomas, Bolenz Christian
Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Image Processing and Medical Engineering Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany.
Urology. 2017 Jun;104:235-241. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.02.019. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
To develop a standardized digital reporting tool for cystoscopy of the urinary bladder using panoramic imaging.
An image processing and stitching software (Endorama) was developed to generate panoramic images from cystoscopy data. In a processing phase, algorithms were modulated and refined by reference to cystoscopy sequences (n = 30). Subsequently, standard systematic cystoscopies (n = 12) were recorded in patients undergoing transurethral resection of a bladder tumor to create panoramic images.
All sequences were applicable for the development and refinements of the software. Processing increasingly allowed the creation of images illustrating large parts of the bladder and relevant anatomic landmarks in different locations. The pathway covered by the endoscope during the intervention was illustrated as a route in the respective digital image. During the application phase, panoramic images were successfully created in 10 out of 12 cases. The resolution of the images was 4096 × 2048 pixels and the images required a median digital memory of 3.9 MB (3.4-5.7). The panoramic images illustrated 22 relevant findings of which 7 were papillary tumors.
High-quality digital panoramic maps of the urinary bladder were created using specifically processed data of videocystoscopy. In this preliminary series, relevant findings were illustrated in the respective image. Our tool may help improve standardization of cystoscopy reports and reduce interobserver variability.
开发一种使用全景成像技术的标准化膀胱镜检查数字报告工具。
开发了一种图像处理和拼接软件（Endorama），用于从膀胱镜检查数据生成全景图像。在处理阶段，参照膀胱镜检查序列（n = 30）对算法进行调整和优化。随后，对接受膀胱肿瘤经尿道切除术的患者进行标准系统膀胱镜检查（n = 12），以创建全景图像。
所有序列均适用于软件的开发和优化。处理过程越来越能够创建展示膀胱大部分区域以及不同位置相关解剖标志的图像。干预期间内窥镜覆盖的路径在相应数字图像中显示为一条路线。在应用阶段，12例中有10例成功创建了全景图像。图像分辨率为4096×2048像素，图像所需的数字存储中位数为3.9MB（3.4 - 5.7）。全景图像显示了22项相关发现，其中7项为乳头状肿瘤。
使用经特殊处理的膀胱视频镜检查数据创建了高质量的膀胱数字全景图。在这个初步系列中，相关发现在各自的图像中得到了展示。我们的工具可能有助于提高膀胱镜检查报告的标准化程度，并减少观察者间的差异。
