Al-Hammad Bushra Ahmed, Abd El-Salam Magda Magdy
Biology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Apr;98(4):525-533. doi: 10.1007/s00128-017-2048-z. Epub 2017 Feb 18.
This study was performed to evaluate the levels of metals in the fish caught from Wadi Hanifa's main basin over four seasons, determine the potential fitness of the fish for human consumption, and evaluate the overall water quality after enforcement of local standards. The physical and chemical parameters from a total of 192 water samples were tested using standard methods. Additionally, a total of 48 fish samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Mean values for basic water quality parameters of COD, PO, NH-N, and NO-N exceeded Saudi standards in all seasons. Mean metal concentrations in water were consistently at their highest concentrations in samples collected during the summer, and the lowest in samples collected during the winter. Mean metal concentrations in fish muscle tissue exceeded Saudi standards for As and Cd, and United Nations FAO standards for Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn. Statistical analysis showed highly significant positive correlations between metal concentrations in water and metal concentrations in fish muscle for As-Fe, Pb-Cr, Pb-Ni, Cr-Cu, and Cu-Fe. This study highlights the urgent need for monitoring and controlling wastewater discharge in Wadi Hanifa to ensure public safety.
本研究旨在评估四季从哈尼法河主流域捕获的鱼类中的金属含量，确定这些鱼类供人类食用的潜在适宜性，并在执行当地标准后评估整体水质。使用标准方法对总共192个水样的物理和化学参数进行了测试。此外，总共对48个鱼类样本进行了重金属浓度分析。化学需氧量（COD）、总磷（PO）、氨氮（NH-N）和亚硝酸盐氮（NO-N）等基本水质参数的平均值在所有季节均超过沙特标准。水中金属浓度的平均值在夏季采集的样本中始终处于最高水平，而在冬季采集的样本中最低。鱼类肌肉组织中的金属浓度平均值超过了沙特关于砷和镉的标准，以及联合国粮农组织关于铬、镍、锌、铁和锰的标准。统计分析表明，水中金属浓度与鱼类肌肉中砷-铁、铅-铬、铅-镍、铬-铜和铜-铁的金属浓度之间存在高度显著的正相关。本研究强调了迫切需要监测和控制哈尼法河的废水排放，以确保公众安全。
