Yaksh T L
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1987;85:25-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02667.x.
Several opiate receptor systems have been identified in the spinal cord. They produce a powerful analgesia when opioid agonists are administered intrathecally in the intact, unanesthetized animal. These effects appear mediated by an action on opioid receptors which are located presynaptically, in the terminals of primary afferents, and postsynaptically on certain dorsal horn neurons. Based on structure-activity relationships in different tests, quantitative studies of naloxone antagonism and selective cross tolerance, it appears that, in the spinal cord, there are three distinguishable populations of opioid receptors: mu, delta and kappa. Aside from the effects on nociception, these receptors are also associated with a variety of spinal mechanisms related to other aspects of sensory, autonomic and motor functions. Though in some cases these represent important side-effects (e.g. inhibition of the micturition reflex), in others, the subtle effects may have important therapeutic benefits (e.g. relieving spasticity in spinal injured patients).
在脊髓中已鉴定出几种阿片受体系统。当在完整、未麻醉的动物中鞘内注射阿片类激动剂时，它们会产生强大的镇痛作用。这些作用似乎是通过作用于位于初级传入神经末梢突触前和某些背角神经元突触后的阿片受体来介导的。基于不同试验中的构效关系、纳洛酮拮抗作用的定量研究和选择性交叉耐受性，似乎在脊髓中存在三种可区分的阿片受体群体：μ、δ和κ。除了对伤害感受的影响外，这些受体还与多种与感觉、自主和运动功能其他方面相关的脊髓机制有关。尽管在某些情况下这些代表重要的副作用（例如抑制排尿反射），但在其他情况下，这些微妙的作用可能具有重要的治疗益处（例如缓解脊髓损伤患者的痉挛）。
