Abou-Elsaad Tamer, Abdel-Hady Hesham, Baz Hemmat, ElShabrawi Doaa
Tamer Abou-Elsaad, Hemmat Baz, Phoniatric Unit, ORL Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
World J Clin Pediatr. 2017 Feb 8;6(1):24-33. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v6.i1.24.
To investigate the effect of different neonatal risk factors on different language parameters as well as cognitive abilities among Arabic speaking Egyptian children at the age of two to three years of life and to find out which risk factor(s) had the greatest impact on language and cognitive abilities.
This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 103 children with age range of 2-3 years (median age 31 mo). They were 62 males and 41 females who were exposed to different high-risk factors in the perinatal period, with exclusion of metabolic disorders, sepsis/meningitis, congenital anomalies and chromosomal aberrations. The studied children were subjected to a protocol of language assessment that included history taking, clinical and neurological examination, audiological evaluation, assessment of language using modified preschool language scale-4, IQ and mental age assessment and assessment of social age.
The studied children had a median gestational age of 37 wk, median birth weight of 2.5 kg. The distribution of the high-risk factors in the affected children were prematurity in 25 children, respiratory distress syndrome in 25 children, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 15 children, hyperbilirubinemia in 10 children, hypoglycemia in 13 children, mixed risk factors in 15 children. The results revealed that high-risk neonatal complications were associated with impairment of different language parameters and cognitive abilities ( < 0.05). The presence of prematurity, in relation to other risk factors, increases the risk of language and cognitive delay significantly by 3.9 fold.
Arabic-speaking children aged 2-3 years who were exposed to high-risk conditions in the perinatal period are likely to exhibit delays in the development of language and impairments in cognitive abilities. The most significant risk factor associated with language and cognitive impairments was prematurity.
研究不同新生儿危险因素对2至3岁讲阿拉伯语的埃及儿童不同语言参数以及认知能力的影响，并找出对语言和认知能力影响最大的危险因素。
这项回顾性队列研究针对103名年龄在2至3岁（中位年龄31个月）的儿童开展。他们中有62名男性和41名女性，在围产期暴露于不同的高危因素，排除了代谢紊乱、败血症/脑膜炎、先天性异常和染色体畸变。对研究对象儿童进行了一项语言评估方案，包括病史采集、临床和神经学检查、听力评估、使用改良的学前语言量表-4进行语言评估、智商和心理年龄评估以及社会年龄评估。
研究对象儿童的中位孕周为37周，中位出生体重为2.5千克。受影响儿童中高危因素的分布情况为：25名儿童早产，25名儿童患呼吸窘迫综合征，15名儿童患缺氧缺血性脑病，10名儿童患高胆红素血症，13名儿童患低血糖症，15名儿童存在混合危险因素。结果显示，高危新生儿并发症与不同语言参数和认知能力受损相关（P<0.05）。与其他危险因素相比，早产的存在使语言和认知发育迟缓的风险显著增加3.9倍。
在围产期暴露于高危状况的2至3岁讲阿拉伯语的儿童可能会出现语言发育延迟和认知能力受损。与语言和认知障碍相关的最显著危险因素是早产。
