Lewitzka Ute, Spirling Sina, Ritter Dirk, Smolka Michael, Goodday Sarah, Bauer Michael, Felber Werner, Bschor Tom
*Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; †Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; ‡Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and §Department of Psychiatry, Schlosspark-Clinic, Berlin, Germany.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017 May;205(5):361-371. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000667.
This study investigated whether personality traits, psychopathological characteristics, and sociodemographic factors in depressed patients differentiate patients with only suicidal thoughts from those who have attempted suicide. We investigated two groups of patients with an affective disorder: 198 patients with a suicide attempt within the last 3 months (sex ratio male to female, 1:1.3; mean age male to female, 44.8/44.7 years) and 30 patients without a suicide attempt but with suicidal thoughts (sex ratio male to female, 1:2; mean age male to female, 39.4/42.6 years) using a comprehensive measurement (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 Axis II disorders, Hamilton Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale, Beck-Hopelessness Scale, Scale for Suicide Ideation, Impulsivity Rating Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Inventory for the Assessment of Aggression Factors, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Ways of Coping Checklist). Several differences distinguished the two groups, namely, in personality traits such as anxiety or coping strategies and sociodemographics (e.g., education level). Personality traits, psychopathological characteristics, and sociodemographic factors are useful tools for assessing suicidal risk. Our findings encourage us to suggest that clinicians pay particular attention to sociodemographic variables such as separation/divorce and a lower education level when conducting risk assessments on suicidal patients.
本研究调查了抑郁症患者的人格特质、心理病理特征和社会人口学因素是否能区分仅有自杀念头的患者和有自杀未遂行为的患者。我们调查了两组情感障碍患者：198名在过去3个月内有自杀未遂行为的患者（男女比例为1:1.3；男性平均年龄44.8岁，女性平均年龄44.7岁）和30名没有自杀未遂行为但有自杀念头的患者（男女比例为1:2；男性平均年龄39.4岁，女性平均年龄42.6岁），采用了综合测量方法（迷你国际神经精神病学访谈、DSM - 4轴II障碍的结构化临床访谈、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、贝克抑郁量表、状态 - 特质焦虑量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、简明精神病评定量表、临床总体印象量表、贝克绝望量表、自杀意念量表、冲动性评定量表、巴拉特冲动性量表、攻击因素评估量表、状态 - 特质愤怒表达量表、应对方式清单）。两组之间存在一些差异，即在焦虑等人格特质或应对策略以及社会人口学方面（如教育水平）。人格特质、心理病理特征和社会人口学因素是评估自杀风险的有用工具。我们的研究结果促使我们建议临床医生在对自杀患者进行风险评估时，特别关注诸如分居/离婚和较低教育水平等社会人口学变量。
