Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616; email:
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2017 Apr 28;68:457-483. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041049. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Reference genome sequences are the key to the discovery of genes and gene families that determine traits of interest. Recent progress in sequencing technologies has enabled a rapid increase in genome sequencing of tree species, allowing the dissection of complex characters of economic importance, such as fruit and wood quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the number of reference genome sequences for trees lags behind those for other plant species, it is not too early to gain insight into the unique features that distinguish trees from nontree plants. Our review of the published data suggests that, although many gene families are conserved among herbaceous and tree species, some gene families, such as those involved in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and in the synthesis and transport of sugars, are often expanded in tree genomes. As the genomes of more tree species are sequenced, comparative genomics will further elucidate the complexity of tree genomes and how this relates to traits unique to trees.
参考基因组序列是发现决定感兴趣性状的基因和基因家族的关键。测序技术的最新进展使得对树种的基因组测序迅速增加，从而能够解析具有经济重要性的复杂特征，例如果实和木材质量以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。尽管树木的参考基因组序列数量落后于其他植物物种，但现在深入了解将树木与非树木植物区分开来的独特特征还为时不晚。我们对已发表数据的综述表明，尽管许多基因家族在草本和木本植物中是保守的，但有些基因家族，如参与生物和非生物胁迫抗性以及糖的合成和运输的基因家族，在树木基因组中通常会扩张。随着更多树种基因组的测序，比较基因组学将进一步阐明树木基因组的复杂性以及与树木特有性状的关系。
