Zugno Alexandra I, Oliveira Mariana B, Mastella Gustavo A, Heylmann Alexandra S A, Canever Lara, Pacheco Felipe D, Damazio Louyse S, Citadin Sullivan A, de Lucca Luiz Antonio, Simões Lutiana Roque, Malgarin Fernanda, Budni Josiane, Barichello Tatiana, Schuck Patricia F, Quevedo João
Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 3;75:199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Feb 14.
Cigarette smoking during the prenatal period has been investigated as a causative factor of obstetric abnormalities, which lead to cognitive and behavioural changes associated with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate behaviour and AChE activity in brain structures in adult rats exposed to cigarette smoke during the prenatal period. Pregnant rats were divided into non-PCSE (non-prenatal cigarette smoke exposure) and PCSE (prenatal cigarette smoke exposure) groups. On post-natal day 60, the rats received saline or ketamine for 7days and were subjected to behavioural tasks. In the locomotor activity task, the non-PCSE+ketamine and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited increased locomotor activity compared with the saline group. In the social interaction task, the non-PCSE+ketamine and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited an increased latency compared with the control groups. However, the PCSE+ketamine group exhibited a decreased latency compared with the non-PCSE+ketamine group, which indicates that the cigarette exposure appeared to decrease, the social deficits generated by ketamine. In the inhibitory avoidance task, the non-PCSE+ketamine, PCSE, and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited impairments in working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. In the pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test, cigarette smoke associated with ketamine resulted in impaired PPI in 3 pre-pulse (PP) intensity groups compared with the control groups. In the biochemical analysis, the AChE activity in brain structures increased in the ketamine groups; however, the PCSE+ketamine group exhibited an exacerbated effect in all brain structures. The present study indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke during the prenatal period may affect behaviour and cerebral cholinergic structures during adulthood.
孕期吸烟已被作为产科异常的一个致病因素进行研究，产科异常会导致与精神分裂症相关的认知和行为变化。本研究的目的是调查孕期暴露于香烟烟雾的成年大鼠脑结构中的行为和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性。将怀孕大鼠分为非孕期香烟烟雾暴露组（non-PCSE）和孕期香烟烟雾暴露组（PCSE）。在出生后第60天，大鼠接受7天的生理盐水或氯胺酮处理，并进行行为测试。在运动活动测试中，与生理盐水组相比，非孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组和孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组的运动活动增加。在社交互动测试中，与对照组相比，非孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组和孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组的潜伏期增加。然而，与非孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组相比，孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组的潜伏期缩短，这表明香烟暴露似乎减少了氯胺酮产生的社交缺陷。在抑制性回避测试中，非孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组、孕期香烟烟雾暴露组和孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组在工作记忆、短期记忆和长期记忆方面均有损伤。在预脉冲抑制（PPI）测试中，与对照组相比，氯胺酮联合香烟烟雾导致3个预脉冲（PP）强度组的PPI受损。在生化分析中，氯胺酮组脑结构中的AChE活性增加；然而，孕期香烟烟雾暴露+氯胺酮组在所有脑结构中均表现出加剧的效应。本研究表明孕期暴露于香烟烟雾可能会影响成年期的行为和脑胆碱能结构。
