University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Water Res. 2017 May 1;114:104-112. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.025. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
Activated carbon (AC) has been proven to be highly effective for the in-situ remediation of sediments contaminated with a wide range of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). However, adverse biological effects, especially to benthic organisms, can accompany this promising remediation potential. In this study, we compare both the remediation potential and the biological effects of several AC materials for two application methods: mixing with sediment (MIX) at doses of 0.1 and 1.0% based on sediment dw and thin layer capping (TLC) with 0.6 and 1.2 kg AC/m. Significant dose dependent reductions in PCB bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus of 35-93% in MIX treatments were observed. Contaminant uptake in TLC treatments was reduced by up to 78% and differences between the two applied doses were small. Correspondingly, significant adverse effects were observed for L. variegatus whenever AC was present in the sediment. The lowest application dose of 0.1% AC in the MIX system reduced L. variegatus growth, and 1.0% AC led to a net loss of organism biomass. All TLC treatments let to a loss of biomass in the test organism. Furthermore, mortality was observed with 1.2 kg AC/m doses of pure AC for the TLC treatment. The addition of clay (Kaolinite) to the TLC treatments prevented mortality, but did not decrease the loss in biomass. While TLC treatments pose a less laborious alternative for AC amendments in the field, the results of this study show that it has lower remediation potential and could be more harmful to the benthic fauna.
活性炭（AC）已被证明对原位修复受多种疏水性有机污染物（HOC）污染的沉积物非常有效。然而，这种有前景的修复潜力可能伴随着不良的生物效应，尤其是对底栖生物的影响。在这项研究中，我们比较了几种活性炭材料的修复潜力和生物效应，这些材料有两种应用方法：与沉积物混合（MIX），剂量为 0.1%和 1.0%，基于沉积物干重和薄层覆盖（TLC），剂量为 0.6%和 1.2%的 AC/平方米。在 MIX 处理中，观察到 PCB 在扁卷螺体内的生物积累减少了 35-93%，这与剂量呈显著的依赖性。在 TLC 处理中，污染物的吸收减少了高达 78%，且两种应用剂量之间的差异较小。相应地，只要沉积物中存在活性炭，扁卷螺就会出现显著的不良影响。MIX 系统中 0.1%AC 的最低应用剂量降低了扁卷螺的生长，而 1.0%AC 导致生物量净损失。所有 TLC 处理都导致受试生物的生物量损失。此外，TLC 处理中纯 AC 的 1.2kg/m 剂量导致了死亡率。在 TLC 处理中添加粘土（高岭土）可防止死亡，但不能减少生物量损失。虽然 TLC 处理为现场 AC 改良提供了一种不那么费力的替代方法，但本研究结果表明，它的修复潜力较低，对底栖动物群的危害可能更大。
