Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Research, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Research, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 Jan;24(1):24-28. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Nutritional status is a well-known risk factor for metabolic and endocrine disorders. Recent studies suggest that dietary intake also affects immune function and as a consequence infection risk.
This reviews aims to give an overview on the effect of body weight on infection rate at different periods of life.
Clinically relevant prospective, cross-sectional and case-control community-based studies are summarized.
In children and adolescents underweight is a significant risk factor for infection especially in developing countries, probably reflecting malnutrition and poor hygienic standards. Data from industrialized countries suggest that infection rate is also increased in obese children and adolescents. Similarly, several studies suggest a U-shaped increased infection rate in both underweight and obese adults. In the latter, infections of the skin and respiratory tract as well as surgical-site infections have consistently been reported to be more common than in normal-weight participants. Paradoxically, mortality of critically ill patients was reduced in obesity in some studies.
Several studies in children or adults suggest that both underweight and obesity are associated with increased infection risk. However, confounding factors such as malnutrition, hygienic status and underlying disease or co-morbidities might aggravate accurate assessment of the impact of body weight on infection risk.
营养状况是代谢和内分泌紊乱的已知风险因素。最近的研究表明，饮食摄入也会影响免疫功能，从而增加感染风险。
本综述旨在概述体重在生命不同阶段对感染率的影响。
总结了具有临床相关性的前瞻性、横断面和病例对照社区为基础的研究。
在儿童和青少年中，体重不足是感染的一个重要危险因素，尤其是在发展中国家，这可能反映了营养不良和卫生标准差。来自工业化国家的数据表明，肥胖儿童和青少年的感染率也会增加。同样，一些研究表明，体重过轻和肥胖成年人的感染率呈 U 形增加。在后一种情况下，人们一致报告超重者的皮肤和呼吸道感染以及手术部位感染更为常见。矛盾的是，一些研究表明肥胖患者的危重病患者死亡率降低。
一些针对儿童或成年人的研究表明，体重不足和肥胖都与感染风险增加有关。然而，混杂因素如营养不良、卫生状况以及潜在疾病或合并症可能会加剧对体重对感染风险影响的准确评估。
