Espinosa Maria Fernanda, von Sperling Marcos, Verbyla Matthew E
Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Escola de Engenharia, Bloco 1 - sala 4622, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Present address: School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), GR C2 554, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Water Sci Technol. 2017 Feb;75(3-4):916-927. doi: 10.2166/wst.2016.532.
Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) and their variants are one the most widely used wastewater treatment systems in the world. However, the scarcity of systematic performance data from full-scale plants has led to challenges associated with their design. The objective of this research was to assess the performance of 388 full-scale WSP systems located in Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia and the United States through the statistical analysis of available monitoring data. Descriptive statistics were calculated of the influent and effluent concentrations and the removal efficiencies for 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen (N-Ammonia), and either thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) or Escherichia coli for each WSP system, leading to a broad characterization of actual treatment performance. Compliance with different water quality and system performance goals was also evaluated. The treatment plants were subdivided into seven different categories, according to their units and flowsheet. The median influent concentrations of BOD and TSS were 431 mg/L and 397 mg/L and the effluent concentrations varied from technology to technology, but median values were 50 mg/L and 47 mg/L, respectively. The median removal efficiencies were 85% for BOD and 75% for TSS. The overall removals of TTC and E. coli were 1.74 and 1.63 log units, respectively. Future research is needed to better understand the influence of design, operational and environmental factors on WSP system performance.
稳定塘及其变体是世界上应用最广泛的废水处理系统之一。然而，来自全尺寸工厂的系统性能数据稀缺，导致其设计面临挑战。本研究的目的是通过对现有监测数据的统计分析，评估位于巴西、厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚和美国的388个全尺寸稳定塘系统的性能。计算了每个稳定塘系统进水和出水浓度以及五日生化需氧量（BOD）、总悬浮固体（TSS）、氨氮（N-氨）和耐热大肠菌群（TTC）或大肠杆菌的去除效率的描述性统计数据，从而对实际处理性能进行了广泛的表征。还评估了不同水质和系统性能目标的达标情况。根据处理单元和工艺流程，将处理厂细分为七个不同类别。BOD和TSS的进水浓度中位数分别为431mg/L和397mg/L，出水浓度因技术而异，但中位数分别为50mg/L和47mg/L。BOD和TSS的去除效率中位数分别为85%和75%。TTC和大肠杆菌的总体去除率分别为1.74和1.63对数单位。未来需要开展研究，以更好地了解设计、运行和环境因素对稳定塘系统性能的影响。
