Patel S
Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2017 Nov-Dec;45(6):579-591. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.10.011. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Proteolytic activity is fundamental to survival, so it is not surprising that all living organisms have proteases, especially seine protease. This enzyme in its numerous isoforms and homologues, constitutes the quintessential offence and defence factors, in the form of surface proteins, secreted molecules, gut digestive enzymes, venom in specialised glands or plant latex, among other manifestations. Occurring as trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, collagenase, thrombin, subtilisin etc., it mediates a diverse array of functions, including pathological roles as inflammatory, coagulatory to haemorrhagic. This review emphasizes that despite the superficial differences in mechanisms, most health issues, be they infectious, allergic, metabolic, or neural have a common conduit. This enzyme, in its various glycosylated forms leads to signal misinterpretations, wreaking havoc. However, organisms are endowed with serine protease inhibitors which might restrain this ubiquitous yet deleterious enzyme. Hence, serine proteases-driven pathogenesis and antagonising role of inhibitors is the focal point of this critical review.
蛋白水解活性对生存至关重要，因此所有生物都拥有蛋白酶，尤其是丝氨酸蛋白酶，这并不奇怪。这种酶以其众多的同工型和同源物，以表面蛋白、分泌分子、肠道消化酶、特殊腺体中的毒液或植物乳胶等形式，构成了典型的攻击和防御因子。它以胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶、胶原酶、凝血酶、枯草杆菌蛋白酶等形式存在，介导各种各样的功能，包括作为炎症、凝血到出血的病理作用。这篇综述强调，尽管机制上存在表面差异，但大多数健康问题，无论是传染性、过敏性、代谢性还是神经性的，都有一个共同的途径。这种酶以其各种糖基化形式导致信号错误解读，造成严重破坏。然而，生物体具有丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂，可能会抑制这种普遍存在但有害的酶。因此，丝氨酸蛋白酶驱动的发病机制以及抑制剂的拮抗作用是这篇重要综述的重点。
