Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Health Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Clin Nutr. 2018 Apr;37(2):481-487. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.006. Epub 2017 Feb 11.
Cell membrane fatty acid (FA) composition may play a role in human metabolic diseases. However, the modulatory effect of nutrients other than fat is poorly explored.
To investigate the effect of moderate-carbohydrate diets with different glycemic indices (GI) and a low-fat diet (LF) on red blood cell (RBC) FA membrane composition.
The RBC FA profile was measured in 87 subjects from the GLYNDIET study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following energy-restricted diet for 6 months: moderate-carbohydrate/low-GI diet (LGI, n = 31), moderate-carbohydrate/high-GI diet (HGI, n = 30) or LF-diet (n = 26).
We observed a significant increase in C20:0 and decrease in C20:3n-6 in the LGI and HGI groups compared to LF group. Compared to LF-diet, C22:4n-6 was lower after the HGI while C22:6n-3 was higher after LGI diet. Also, a tendency was found for higher concentrations of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) in LGI compared to HGI and LF groups. The intra-group analysis showed significantly increased levels of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) after LGI and HGI interventions, as well as a significant increase in C22:5n-6 and a decrease in LCn-3PUFA and omega-3-index after the LF diet. The decrease in C20:5n-3 after HGI and LF diets was also significant.
Diets with a moderate amount of carbohydrates and healthy fat, mainly with LGI, modify the RBC fatty acid membrane composition.
细胞膜脂肪酸（FA）组成可能在人类代谢疾病中发挥作用。然而，除脂肪以外的营养素的调节作用仍未得到充分探索。
研究不同血糖指数（GI）的中等碳水化合物饮食和低脂饮食（LF）对红细胞（RBC）FA 膜组成的影响。
在 GLYNDIET 研究中，对 87 名受试者的 RBC FA 图谱进行了测量。参与者被随机分配到以下能量限制饮食之一，持续 6 个月：中等碳水化合物/低 GI 饮食（LGI，n=31）、中等碳水化合物/高 GI 饮食（HGI，n=30）或 LF 饮食（n=26）。
与 LF 组相比，LGI 和 HGI 组的 C20:0 增加，C20:3n-6 减少。与 LF 饮食相比，HGI 后 C22:4n-6 降低，而 LGI 后 C22:6n-3 升高。此外，与 HGI 和 LF 组相比，LGI 组长链 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（LCn-3PUFA）的浓度也有升高的趋势。组内分析显示，LGI 和 HGI 干预后总单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）水平显著升高，LCn-3PUFA 和 ω-3 指数显著降低，LF 饮食后 C22:5n-6 水平显著升高。HGI 和 LF 饮食后 C20:5n-3 的降低也具有统计学意义。
中等碳水化合物和健康脂肪含量的饮食，主要是 LGI，可改变 RBC 脂肪酸膜组成。
