Wiese Holger, Komes Jessica, Tüttenberg Simone, Leidinger Jana, Schweinberger Stefan R
Department of Psychology, Durham University.
Department of General Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Aug;43(8):1254-1273. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000380. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
Difficulties in person recognition are among the common complaints associated with cognitive ageing. The present series of experiments therefore investigated face and person recognition in young and older adults. The authors examined how within-domain and cross-domain repetition as well as semantic priming affect familiar face recognition and analyzed both behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures to identify specific processing stages of age-related deficits. During repetition priming (Experiments 1 and 2), the authors observed evidence of an age-related deficit in behavioral priming and clear reductions of both the N250r and the N400 ERP priming effects in older participants. At the same time, both semantic priming (Experiment 3) and the associated N400 ERP effect of semantic priming were largely intact in older adults. The authors suggest that ageing selectively affects the access to domain-general representations of familiar people via bottom-up perceptual processing units. At the same time, accessing domain-general representations via top-down semantic units seems to be relatively preserved in older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
人脸识别困难是认知衰老常见的问题之一。因此，本系列实验研究了年轻人和老年人的面部与人物识别。作者考察了领域内和跨领域重复以及语义启动如何影响熟悉面孔识别，并分析了行为和事件相关脑电位（ERP）测量结果，以确定与年龄相关缺陷在特定加工阶段的情况。在重复启动（实验1和2）过程中，作者观察到行为启动中存在与年龄相关的缺陷证据，且老年参与者的N250r和N400 ERP启动效应明显降低。同时，语义启动（实验3）以及语义启动相关的N400 ERP效应在老年人中基本保持完整。作者认为，衰老通过自下而上的感知处理单元选择性地影响对熟悉人物的领域通用表征的获取。与此同时，通过自上而下的语义单元获取领域通用表征在老年人中似乎相对得以保留。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
