Department of Psychology, New School for Social Research.
Institute of Gerontology, University of Tokyo.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2017 Jul;113(1):81-94. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000091. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
Whereas an interdependent cultural view of self has been linked to communal norms and to socially supportive behavior, its relationship to social support has been called into question in research suggesting that discomfort in social support is associated with an interdependent cultural view of self (e.g., Taylor et al., 2004). These contrasting claims were addressed in 2 studies conducted among Japanese, Indian, and American adults. Assessing everyday social support, Study 1 showed that Japanese and Americans rely on exchange norms more frequently than Indians among friends, whereas American rely on exchange norms more frequently than Indians and Japanese among siblings. Assessing responses to vignettes, Study 2 demonstrated that Japanese and Americans rely more frequently on exchange norms than Indians, with greatest relational concerns and most negative outlooks on social support observed among Japanese, less among Americans, and least among Indians. Results further indicated that relational concerns mediated the link between exchange norms and negative social support outlooks. Supporting past claims that relational concerns explain cultural variation in discomfort in social support (e.g., Kim, Sherman, & Taylor, 2008), the findings underscore the need to take into account as well the role of exchange norms in explaining such discomfort. The findings also highlight the existence of culturally variable approaches to exchange and call into question claims that discomfort in social support can be explained in terms of the global concept of an interdependent cultural view of self. (PsycINFO Database Record
虽然相互依存的文化自我观与共有的规范和社会支持行为有关，但研究表明，对社会支持的不适与相互依存的文化自我观有关，这对其与社会支持的关系提出了质疑（例如，Taylor 等人，2004）。这些相互矛盾的说法在针对日本、印度和美国成年人的两项研究中得到了探讨。在第一项研究中，通过评估日常社会支持，研究表明，与印度人相比，日本人更容易在朋友之间依赖交换规范，而美国人则更容易在兄弟姐妹之间依赖交换规范。在第二项研究中，通过评估情境故事，研究表明，与印度人相比，日本人更容易依赖交换规范，其中日本人对关系的关注程度最高，对社会支持的负面看法最严重，美国人的关注程度次之，印度人的关注程度最低。研究结果进一步表明，关系关注解释了交换规范与负面社会支持看法之间的联系。这些发现支持了过去的说法，即关系关注解释了社会支持不适的文化差异（例如，Kim、Sherman 和 Taylor，2008），强调需要考虑交换规范在解释这种不适方面的作用。这些发现还突出了交换的文化变量方法的存在，并对以相互依存的文化自我观的全球概念来解释社会支持不适的说法提出了质疑。
