Hu Mingyu, Zhou Nan, Xu Bo, Chen Wuyong, Wu Jianxin, Zhou Jin
National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
Science Laboratory, Zhejiang Red Dragonfly Footwear Co., LTD.,Wenzhou 325100, PR China.
Gait Posture. 2017 May;54:15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.02.019. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
The aim of this study was to design an algorithm to quantify the plantar force transference of children from ages 2-6. In total, 319 healthy children without abnormal gait patterns, foot deformities or injuries, able to walk independently, and with normal BMIs were recruited, and their plantar force distributions were measured. Their plantar areas were divided into ten parts: the hallux, toes #2-5, the first to fifth metatarsal heads (1st-5th MTH), the mid-foot (MF), medial heel (MH) and lateral heel (LH), in which a relative force-time integral (FTIrel) (%) was calculated. Our results show that the FTIrel was significantly transferred along either the transverse or longitudinal arches. The middle of the forefoot and the toe areas were the two main loading regions in children aged 2-3, and posterior to anterior FTIrel shifting was typical. However, anterior to posterior and lateral to medial FTI transferences were found in children aged 5-6, and major loading was found in the heel area. Further, loading in the mid-foot varied with the child's development and was observed to tend to decrease over time. Overall, according to the algorithm designed in this study, these results demonstrated that the development of the arches, both in transverse and longitudinal directions, had already begun in early stages of toddlerhood. Meanwhile, the arches were an important attractor engaged in the windlass mechanism while walking, and they played a major role as bridges to promote posterior to anterior and medial to lateral force transference.
本研究的目的是设计一种算法，以量化2至6岁儿童的足底力传递。总共招募了319名健康儿童，他们没有异常步态模式、足部畸形或损伤，能够独立行走，且体重指数正常，并测量了他们的足底力分布。他们的足底区域被分为十个部分：拇趾、第2至5趾、第1至第5跖骨头（第1至第5 MTH）、中足（MF）、内侧足跟（MH）和外侧足跟（LH），并在其中计算相对力-时间积分（FTIrel）（%）。我们的结果表明，FTIrel沿着横弓或纵弓有显著转移。在2至3岁儿童中，前脚掌中部和脚趾区域是两个主要的负重区域，FTIrel从后向前转移是典型的。然而，在5至6岁儿童中发现了从前向后和从外侧向内侧的FTI转移，且主要负重位于足跟区域。此外，中足的负重随儿童发育而变化，且观察到随时间有下降趋势。总体而言，根据本研究设计的算法，这些结果表明，横弓和纵弓的发育在幼儿期早期就已经开始。同时，足弓是行走时参与跖腱膜机制的重要吸引器，它们作为桥梁在促进从后向前和从内侧向外侧的力传递中发挥了主要作用。
