Lampe Jessica F, Burman Oliver, Würbel Hanno, Melotti Luca
Division of Animal Welfare, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
Dev Psychobiol. 2017 May;59(4):460-472. doi: 10.1002/dev.21509. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Play has been proposed as an indicator of positive emotions and welfare in higher vertebrates. This study investigated playfulness in male rats by exploring its consistency across motivational states (with/without prior short social isolation) and two age points at early and late adolescence. Twenty-four male Lister Hooded rats housed in cages of four underwent two play tests: conspecific Play-in-Pairs and Tickling by the experimenter, which were compared with play in the home cage and basal anxiety levels. Play-in-Pairs measures were consistent across age and motivational states, and were independent from anxiety. Positively valenced vocalizations in the Tickling test were also consistent across age, yet were negatively related to anxiety. Play-in-Pairs and Tickling play contexts, as well as social and solitary play types, were unrelated. Therefore, this study supports the existence of consistent individual differences in playfulness in rats, and suggests that different play contexts and types represent motivationally distinct systems.
玩耍已被认为是高等脊椎动物积极情绪和健康状况的一个指标。本研究通过探究雄性大鼠在不同动机状态（有/无先前短暂的社会隔离）以及青春期早期和晚期两个年龄点时玩耍行为的一致性，来调查其玩耍倾向。将24只雄性利斯特戴帽大鼠以每组4只的方式饲养在笼子里，它们接受了两项玩耍测试：同物种的成对玩耍和实验者挠痒痒，并与在笼舍中的玩耍情况以及基础焦虑水平进行比较。成对玩耍的测量结果在不同年龄和动机状态下是一致的，并且与焦虑无关。挠痒痒测试中具有积极效价的发声在不同年龄下也具有一致性，但与焦虑呈负相关。成对玩耍和挠痒痒的玩耍情境，以及社交性和独自玩耍类型，都是不相关的。因此，本研究支持大鼠玩耍倾向中存在一致的个体差异这一观点，并表明不同的玩耍情境和类型代表着动机上不同的系统。
