[The risk of bladder cancer in patients with prostatic hyperplasia and strategies to manage this combination].

The combination of bladder cancer with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in 5-27% of cases. The link between these diseases has not yet been closely investigated. The main role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer combined with BPH is played by the residual urine and prolonged exposure of urothelium to the urine carcinogens. The choice of surgical treatment modality for the combination of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and BPH is still a matter of debate. There is no consensus on the safety and appropriateness of simultaneous transurethral resection of the bladder and prostate in these patients. On one hand, opponents of simultaneous surgery suggest sustained exposure to carcinogens and the spread of tumor cells in a transurethral resection through the prostate wound surface in the blood and lymphatic vessels. On the other hand, supporters refer to studies and meta-analyzes showing that the simultaneous resection neither increases the recurrence rate of bladder cancer nor causes metastasis and tumor progression.