Rasamiravaka Tsiry, Andriatsitohanana Tojo Tiana, Rasamindrakotroka Andry
University of Antananarivo, Madagascar.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2017 Feb 28;11(2):129-135. doi: 10.3855/jidc.7650.
The laboratory of Training and Research in Medical Biology of Madagascar conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage of pig and poultry Malagasy farmers.
Pig and poultry farmers from capital town of Madagascar were selected for nasal swabs collection with information on potential risk factors for S. aureus colonization, including animal exposure.
Nasal swabs from 180 farmers (M/F sex ratio: 0.74), enabled isolation after culture and biochemical identification, 69 (38.33%) S. aureus strains among which 45 (25%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Risk factors analysis revealed that farming duration, number of animals, direct contact with poultry, and frequent contact with manure increased risk of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage. Likewise, farm practices that imply close contact with pigs such as food distribution and pigsty washing increased risk of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage among pig farmers. Among MRSA isolates, resistance rate to other antibiotics was similar to that of MRSA isolates from the non-farmer Malagasy population. However, gentamycin resistance was noticeably higher (32.5% versus 4.44%).
This study shows a high rate of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage with high rate of multidrug resistance among healthy people frequently in contact with animals. A strategic policy against the spread of multidrug-resistant strains is desirable in farms and veterinary areas.
马达加斯加医学生物学培训与研究实验室开展了一项横断面研究，以估算马达加斯加养猪和家禽的农民金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔携带率。
选取马达加斯加首都的养猪和家禽农民进行鼻拭子采集，并收集有关金黄色葡萄球菌定植潜在风险因素的信息，包括动物接触情况。
对180名农民（男女比例为0.74）的鼻拭子进行培养和生化鉴定后，分离出69株（38.33%）金黄色葡萄球菌菌株，其中45株（25%）为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。风险因素分析显示，养殖年限、动物数量、与家禽直接接触以及频繁接触粪便会增加金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA鼻腔携带风险。同样，在养猪农民中，诸如食物分发和清洗猪舍等意味着与猪密切接触的养殖操作会增加金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA鼻腔携带风险。在MRSA分离株中，对其他抗生素的耐药率与马达加斯加非农民人群的MRSA分离株相似。然而，庆大霉素耐药率明显更高（32.5%对4.44%）。
本研究表明，在经常接触动物的健康人群中，金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA鼻腔携带率很高，且多重耐药率也很高。在农场和兽医领域，需要制定一项针对多重耐药菌株传播的战略政策。
