Scanes Elliot, Parker Laura M, O'Connor Wayne A, Stapp Laura S, Ross Pauline M
School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
J Exp Biol. 2017 Mar 1;220(Pt 5):765-774. doi: 10.1242/jeb.151365.
Sessile marine molluscs living in the intertidal zone experience periods of internal acidosis when exposed to air (emersion) during low tide. Relative to other marine organisms, molluscs have been identified as vulnerable to future ocean acidification; however, paradoxically it has also been shown that molluscs exposed to high CO environments are more resilient compared with those molluscs naive to CO exposure. Two competing hypotheses were tested using a novel experimental design incorporating tidal simulations to predict the future intertidal limit of oysters in a high-CO world; either high-shore oysters will be more tolerant of elevated because of their regular acidosis, or elevated will cause high-shore oysters to reach their limit. Sydney rock oysters, , were collected from the high-intertidal and subtidal areas of the shore and exposed in an orthogonal design to either an intertidal or a subtidal treatment at ambient or elevated , and physiological variables were measured. The combined treatment of tidal emersion and elevated interacted synergistically to reduce the haemolymph pH (pH) of oysters, and increase the in the haemolymph ( ) and standard metabolic rate. Oysters in the intertidal treatment also had lower condition and growth. Oysters showed a high degree of plasticity, and little evidence was found that intertidal oysters were more resilient than subtidal oysters. It is concluded that in a high-CO world the upper vertical limit of oyster distribution on the shore may be reduced. These results suggest that previous studies on intertidal organisms that lacked tidal simulations may have underestimated the effects of elevated .
生活在潮间带的固着性海洋软体动物在退潮时暴露于空气中（处于干露状态）会经历体内酸中毒时期。相对于其他海洋生物，软体动物已被确定易受未来海洋酸化的影响；然而，矛盾的是，研究还表明，与未接触过二氧化碳的软体动物相比，接触高二氧化碳环境的软体动物更具恢复力。使用一种结合潮汐模拟的新颖实验设计对两个相互竞争的假说进行了检验，以预测在高二氧化碳环境下牡蛎未来的潮间带分布上限；要么高岸牡蛎由于其经常经历酸中毒而对升高的[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]更具耐受性，要么升高的[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]会使高岸牡蛎达到其耐受极限。从海岸的高潮间带和潮下带区域采集悉尼岩牡蛎（Saccostrea glomerata）[此处原文有误，应为Saccostrea glomerata]，并以正交设计将其暴露于环境[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]或升高的[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]条件下的潮间带或潮下带处理中，同时测量生理变量。潮汐干露和升高的[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]的联合处理产生协同作用，降低了牡蛎血淋巴的pH值（酸碱度），并增加了血淋巴中的[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]浓度和标准代谢率。接受潮间带处理的牡蛎的状况和生长也较差。牡蛎表现出高度的可塑性，几乎没有证据表明潮间带牡蛎比潮下带牡蛎更具恢复力。研究得出结论，在高二氧化碳环境下，海岸上牡蛎分布的垂直上限可能会降低。这些结果表明，以前对潮间带生物的研究如果缺乏潮汐模拟，可能低估了升高的[此处原文似乎缺失具体物质]的影响。
