Division of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2017 Apr;242:35-58. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.12.002. Epub 2016 Dec 12.
Adsorption is a facile, economic, eco-friendly and low-energy requiring technology that aims to separate diverse compounds (ions and molecules) from one phase to another using a wide variety of adsorbent materials. To date, this technology has been used most often for removal/recovery of pollutants from aqueous solutions; however, emerging post-sorption technologies are now enabling the manufacture of value-added key adsorption products that can subsequently be used for (i) fertilizers, (ii) catalysis, (iii) carbonaceous metal nanoparticle synthesis, (iv) feed additives, and (v) biologically active compounds. These new strategies ensure the sustainable valorisation of post-sorption materials as an economically viable alternative to the engineering of other green chemical products because of the ecological affability, biocompatibility, and widespread accessibility of post-sorption materials. Fertilizers and feed additives manufactured using sorption technology contain elements such as N, P, Cu, Mn, and Zn, which improve soil fertility and provide essential nutrients to animals and humans. This green and effective approach to managing post-sorption materials is an important step in reaching the global goals of sustainability and healthy human nutrition. Post-sorbents have also been utilized for the harvesting of metal nanoparticles via modern catalytic pyrolysis techniques. The resulting materials exhibited a high surface area (>1000m/g) and are further used as catalysts and adsorbents. Together with the above possibilities, energy production from post-sorbents is under exploration. Many of the vital 3E (energy, environment, and economy) problems can be addressed using post-sorption materials. In this review, we summarize a new generation of applications of post-adsorbents as value-added green chemical products. At the end of each section, scientific challenges, further opportunities, and issues related to toxicity are discussed. We believe this critical evaluation not only delivers essential contextual information to researchers in the field but also stimulates new ideas and applications to further advance post-sorbent applications.
吸附是一种简便、经济、环保且低能耗的技术，旨在使用各种吸附剂材料将不同化合物（离子和分子）从一相分离到另一相。迄今为止，该技术最常用于从水溶液中去除/回收污染物；然而，新兴的后吸附技术现在能够制造增值的关键吸附产品，随后可用于（i）肥料，（ii）催化，（iii）碳质金属纳米粒子合成，（iv）饲料添加剂和（v）生物活性化合物。这些新策略确保了后吸附材料的可持续增值，作为替代其他绿色化学产品工程的经济可行选择，因为后吸附材料具有生态亲和性、生物相容性和广泛的可及性。使用吸附技术制造的肥料和饲料添加剂含有 N、P、Cu、Mn 和 Zn 等元素，可提高土壤肥力并为动物和人类提供必需的营养。这种绿色有效的后吸附材料管理方法是实现可持续性和人类健康营养全球目标的重要步骤。后吸附剂还被用于通过现代催化热解技术收获金属纳米粒子。所得材料具有高表面积（>1000m/g），并进一步用作催化剂和吸附剂。除了上述可能性外，还在探索从后吸附剂中产生能量。许多重要的 3E（能源、环境和经济）问题都可以通过后吸附材料来解决。在本综述中，我们总结了后吸附剂作为增值绿色化学产品的新一代应用。在每个部分的末尾，都讨论了科学挑战、进一步的机会以及与毒性相关的问题。我们相信，这种批判性评估不仅为该领域的研究人员提供了必要的背景信息，而且还激发了新的想法和应用，以进一步推进后吸附剂的应用。
