Slovak Academy of Sciences, Polymer Institute, Institute of Measurement Sciences, Dúbravská cesta, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2017 Nov;249:386-399. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Noble metal, especially gold nanoparticles and their conjugates with biopolymers have immense potential for disease diagnosis and therapy on account of their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced light scattering and absorption. Conjugation of noble metal nanoparticles to ligands specifically targeted to biomarkers on diseased cells allows molecular-specific imaging and detection of disease. The development of smart gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that can deliver therapeutics at a sustained rate directly to cancer cells may provide better efficacy and lower toxicity for treating cancer tumors. We highlight some of the promising classes of targeting systems that are under development for the delivery of gold nanoparticles. Nanoparticles designed for biomedical applications are often coated with polymers containing reactive functional groups to conjugate targeting ligands, cell receptors or drugs. Using targeted nanoparticles to deliver chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy offers many advantages to improve drug/gene delivery and to overcome many problems associated with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The targeted nanoparticles were found to be effective in killing cancer cells which were studied using various anticancer assays. Cell morphological analysis shows the changes occurred in cancer cells during the treatment with AuNPs. The results determine the influence of particle size and concentration of AuNPs on their absorption, accumulation, and cytotoxicity in model normal and cancer cells. As the mean particle diameter of the AuNPs decreased, their rate of absorption by the intestinal epithelium cells increased. These results provide important insights into the relationship between the dimensions of AuNPs and their gastrointestinal uptake and potential cytotoxicity. Furthermore gold nanoparticles efficiently convert the absorbed light into localized heat, which can be exploited for the selective laser photothermal therapy of cancer. We also review the emerging technologies for the fabrication of targeted gold colloids as imagining agents.
贵金属，尤其是金纳米粒子及其与生物聚合物的缀合物，由于其表面等离子体共振（SPR）增强的光散射和吸收，在疾病诊断和治疗方面具有巨大的潜力。将贵金属纳米粒子与针对病变细胞上生物标志物的配体缀合，可以实现分子特异性成像和疾病检测。开发能够以持续速率将治疗剂直接递送到癌细胞的智能金纳米粒子（AuNPs），可能为治疗癌症肿瘤提供更好的疗效和更低的毒性。我们强调了一些有前途的靶向系统类别，这些系统正在开发中，用于递送电镜金纳米粒子。设计用于生物医学应用的纳米粒子通常涂有含有反应性官能团的聚合物，以缀合靶向配体、细胞受体或药物。在癌症治疗中使用靶向纳米粒子递送化学治疗剂具有许多优势，可以改善药物/基因递送，并克服与传统放射治疗和化学治疗相关的许多问题。研究发现，靶向纳米粒子在杀死癌细胞方面非常有效，这些癌细胞是通过各种抗癌测定法进行研究的。细胞形态分析显示了 AuNPs 治疗过程中癌细胞发生的变化。结果确定了 AuNPs 的粒径和浓度对其在模型正常和癌细胞中的吸收、积累和细胞毒性的影响。随着 AuNPs 平均粒径的减小，其被肠上皮细胞吸收的速率增加。这些结果提供了关于 AuNPs 尺寸与其胃肠道摄取和潜在细胞毒性之间关系的重要见解。此外，金纳米粒子有效地将吸收的光转化为局部热，这可用于癌症的选择性激光光热疗。我们还回顾了用于制造靶向金胶体作为成像剂的新兴技术。
