Quantitative Analysis of Synthetic Cell Lineage Tracing Using Nuclease Barcoding.

Lineage tracing by the determination and mapping of progeny arising from single cells is an important approach enabling the elucidation of mechanisms underlying diverse biological processes ranging from development to disease. We developed a dynamic sequence-based barcode system for synthetic lineage tracing and have demonstrated its performance in C. elegans, a model organism whose lineage tree is well established. The strategy we use creates lineage trees based upon the introduction of synthetically controlled mutations into cells and the propagation of these mutations to daughter cells at each cell division. We analyzed this experimental proof of concept along with a corresponding simulation and analytical model to gain a deeper understanding of the coding capacity of the system. Our results provide specific bounds on the fidelity of lineage tracing using such approaches.