Coat of many colours-DNA reveals polymorphism of mantle patterns and colouration in Caribbean Röding, 1798 (Gastropoda, Ovulidae).

The iconic gastropod genus is commonly observed in the Caribbean, where it lives in association with various octocorallian hosts. Each species in the genus has a unique, characteristic mantle pattern and colouration, which separates the valid taxa. Because of its abundance and recognisability has been used as a model organism in several studies concerning allelochemicals, reef degradation, and physical defence mechanisms. Molecular analyses based on four molecular markers (COI, 16S, H3 and 28S) for three species (, , ) and an unidentified black morph, collected from three localities in the Caribbean, show that they represent morphological varieties of a single, genetically homogeneous species. This outcome is in agreement with previous anatomical studies. As a result and are synonymised with , which is a key result for future work using as a model organism. The striking morphological differences in mantle pattern and colouration are hypothesised to be the result of one of three possible scenarios: rapid divergence, supergenes (including balanced polymorphism), or incipient speciation.