Gruner Andrea, Mangelsdorf Kai, Vieth-Hillebrand Andrea, Horsfield Brian, van der Kraan Geert M, Köhler Thomas, Janka Christoph, Morris Brandon E L, Wilkes Heinz
Section 3.2 Organic Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences-Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Dow Microbial Control, Horgen, Switzerland.
Microb Ecol. 2017 Aug;74(2):373-383. doi: 10.1007/s00248-017-0954-6. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
Microbial activity in petroleum reservoirs has been implicated in a suite of detrimental effects including deterioration of petroleum quality, increases in oil sulfur content, biofouling of steel pipelines and other infrastructures, and well plugging. Here, we present a biogeochemical approach, using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), for detecting viable bacteria in petroleum systems. Variations within the bacterial community along water flow paths (producing well, topside facilities, and injection well) can be elucidated in the field using the same technique, as shown here within oil production plants in the Molasse Basin of Upper Austria. The abundance of PLFAs is compared to total cellular numbers, as detected by qPCR of the 16S rDNA gene, to give an overall comparison between the resolutions of both methods in a true field setting. Additionally, the influence of biocide applications on lipid- and DNA-based quantification was investigated. The first oil field, Trattnach, showed significant PLFA abundances and cell numbers within the reservoir and topside facilities. In contrast, the second field (Engenfeld) showed very low PLFA levels overall, likely due to continuous treatment of the topside facilities with a glutaraldehyde-based antimicrobial. In comparison, Trattnach is dosed once per week in a batch fashion. Changes within PLFA compositions across the flow path, throughout the petroleum production plants, point to cellular adaptation within the system and may be linked to shifts in the dominance of certain bacterial types in oil reservoirs versus topside facilities. Overall, PLFA-based monitoring provides a useful tool to assess the abundance and high-level taxonomic diversity of viable microbial populations in oil production wells, topside infrastructure, pipelines, and other related facilities.
油藏中的微生物活动与一系列有害影响有关，包括石油质量恶化、油中硫含量增加、钢管和其他基础设施的生物污垢以及油井堵塞。在此，我们提出一种利用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）检测石油系统中活细菌的生物地球化学方法。正如在上奥地利州磨拉石盆地的石油生产厂中所示，利用相同技术可在现场阐明沿水流路径（生产井、地面设施和注入井）细菌群落的变化。将PLFA的丰度与通过16S rDNA基因定量PCR检测的总细胞数进行比较，以便在真实现场环境中对两种方法的分辨率进行全面比较。此外，还研究了杀菌剂应用对基于脂质和基于DNA的定量的影响。第一个油田Trattnach在油藏和地面设施中显示出显著的PLFA丰度和细胞数。相比之下，第二个油田（Engenfeld）总体上显示出非常低的PLFA水平，这可能是由于对地面设施持续使用基于戊二醛的抗菌剂。相比之下，Trattnach是以分批方式每周给药一次。在整个石油生产厂的流动路径上，PLFA组成的变化表明系统内细胞的适应性，并且可能与油藏和地面设施中某些细菌类型优势地位的转变有关。总体而言，基于PLFA的监测为评估采油井、地面基础设施、管道和其他相关设施中活微生物种群的丰度和高级分类多样性提供了一种有用的工具。
