MacLeod Jeffrey, Stewart Brandie M, Newman Aaron J, Arnell Karen M
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2017 Jun;17(3):592-611. doi: 10.3758/s13415-017-0499-7.
When two targets are presented within approximately 500 ms of each other in the context of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), participants' ability to report the second target is reduced compared to when the targets are presented further apart in time. This phenomenon is known as the attentional blink (AB). The AB is increased in magnitude when the first target is emotionally arousing. Emotionally arousing stimuli can also capture attention and create an AB-like effect even when these stimuli are presented as to-be-ignored distractor items in a single-target RSVP task. This phenomenon is known as emotion-induced blindness (EIB). The phenomenological similarity in the behavioral results associated with the AB with an emotional T1 and EIB suggest that these effects may result from similar underlying mechanisms - a hypothesis that we tested using event-related electrical brain potentials (ERPs). Behavioral results replicated those reported previously, demonstrating an enhanced AB following an emotionally arousing target and a clear EIB effect. In both paradigms highly arousing taboo/sexual words resulted in an increased early posterior negativity (EPN) component that has been suggested to represent early semantic activation and selection for further processing in working memory. In both paradigms taboo/sexual words also produced an increased late positive potential (LPP) component that has been suggested to represent consolidation of a stimulus in working memory. Therefore, ERP results provide evidence that the EIB and emotion-enhanced AB effects share a common underlying mechanism.
在快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP）的情境中，当两个目标在彼此大约500毫秒内呈现时，与目标在时间上间隔更远时相比，参与者报告第二个目标的能力会降低。这种现象被称为注意瞬脱（AB）。当第一个目标具有情绪唤起作用时，注意瞬脱的程度会增加。即使在单目标RSVP任务中，情绪唤起刺激作为要被忽略的干扰项呈现时，也能吸引注意力并产生类似注意瞬脱的效应。这种现象被称为情绪诱发失明（EIB）。与带有情绪性T1的注意瞬脱相关的行为结果与情绪诱发失明在现象学上的相似性表明，这些效应可能源于相似的潜在机制——我们使用事件相关脑电（ERP）对此假设进行了测试。行为结果重复了先前报道的结果，表明在情绪唤起目标之后注意瞬脱增强，以及明显的情绪诱发失明效应。在这两种范式中，高度唤起的禁忌/性相关词汇都导致早期后负波（EPN）成分增加，该成分被认为代表早期语义激活和在工作记忆中进行进一步加工的选择。在这两种范式中，禁忌/性相关词汇还产生了晚期正电位（LPP）成分增加，该成分被认为代表刺激在工作记忆中的巩固。因此，ERP结果提供了证据，表明情绪诱发失明和情绪增强的注意瞬脱效应共享一个共同的潜在机制。
