Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2017 Apr 18;46(8):2057-2075. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00023e.
In this Tutorial Review, we describe the development of new ligands for functionalizing and stabilizing metallic gold in the form of planar gold surfaces and gold nanoparticles (NPs). Starting from the state-of-the-art of organosulfur ligands, we describe the gold-sulfur bond formation and the nature of the resulting interface. In addition, we explain methods to prepare ordered monolayers on planar surfaces and stable ligand shells around NPs, illustrating important pioneering studies and examples of current research. Moreover, we highlight recent advancement in functionalizing gold by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), a promising alternative ligand class regarding stability and variable design strategies. We discuss the chemistry of the carbene-gold bond and report on advantages of this new ligand. Additionally, selected examples of current research illustrate the formation of ultra-stable self-assembled monolayers of NHCs on gold surfaces as well as the preparation of NHC-stabilized gold NPs.
在本教程综述中，我们描述了新型配体的开发，这些配体用于将平面金表面和金纳米粒子（NPs）形式的金属金功能化和稳定化。从有机硫配体的最新进展开始，我们描述了金-硫键的形成以及由此产生的界面的性质。此外，我们还解释了在平面表面上制备有序单层和 NPs 周围稳定配体壳的方法，举例说明了重要的开创性研究和当前研究的实例。此外，我们还强调了通过 N-杂环卡宾（NHCs）功能化金的最新进展，这是一种关于稳定性和可变设计策略的很有前途的替代配体类别。我们讨论了卡宾-金键的化学性质，并报告了这种新配体的优点。此外，选定的当前研究实例说明了 NHC 在金表面上形成超稳定的自组装单层以及制备 NHC 稳定的金 NPs。
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