Maccarrone Mauro, Maldonado Rafael, Casas Miguel, Henze Thomas, Centonze Diego
a Department of Medicine , Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
b Laboratory of Lipid Neurochemistry, European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Apr;10(4):443-455. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1292849. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
The complexity of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is becoming better understood and new drivers of eCB signaling are emerging. Modulation of the activities of the eCB system can be therapeutic in a number of diseases. Research into the eCB system has been paralleled by the development of agents that interact with cannabinoid receptors. In this regard it should be remembered that herbal cannabis contains a myriad of active ingredients, and the individual cannabinoids have quite distinct biological activities requiring independent studies. Areas covered: This article reviews the most important current data involving the eCB system in relation to human diseases, to reflect the present (based mainly on the most used prescription cannabinoid medicine, THC/CBD oromucosal spray) and potential future uses of cannabinoid-based therapy. Expert commentary: From the different therapeutic possibilities, THC/CBD oromucosal spray has been in clinical use for approximately five years in numerous countries world-wide for the management of multiple sclerosis (MS)-related moderate to severe resistant spasticity. Clinical trials have confirmed its efficacy and tolerability. Other diseases in which different cannabinoids are currently being investigated include various pain states, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and epilepsy. The continued characterization of individual cannabinoids in different diseases remains important.
内源性大麻素（eCB）系统的复杂性正逐渐被更好地理解，并且新的eCB信号驱动因素正在不断涌现。对eCB系统活性的调节在许多疾病中可能具有治疗作用。随着与大麻素受体相互作用的药物的开发，对eCB系统的研究也在同步进行。在这方面，应该记住，草药大麻含有无数活性成分，并且各个大麻素具有相当独特的生物活性，需要进行独立研究。涵盖领域：本文回顾了目前涉及eCB系统与人类疾病相关的最重要数据，以反映基于大麻素的疗法目前（主要基于最常用的处方大麻素药物，THC/CBD口腔黏膜喷雾剂）以及未来可能的用途。专家评论：从不同的治疗可能性来看，THC/CBD口腔黏膜喷雾剂在全球许多国家已临床使用约五年，用于治疗与多发性硬化症（MS）相关的中度至重度难治性痉挛。临床试验已证实其有效性和耐受性。目前正在研究不同大麻素的其他疾病包括各种疼痛状态、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和癫痫。继续明确不同疾病中各个大麻素的特性仍然很重要。
