Redden Ralph S, d'Entremont Ghislain, Klein Raymond M
Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., 3rd Floor LSC, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 May;79(4):1027-1038. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1290-0.
Titchener's (1908) law of prior entry states that "the object of attention comes to consciousness more quickly than the objects which we are not attending to," or otherwise, that attended stimuli are perceived earlier than unattended stimuli. Shore, Spence, and Klein (Psychological Science, 12, 205-212. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00337 , 2001) showed that endogenous visuospatial orienting does in fact elicit prior-entry effects, albeit to a smaller degree than does exogenous visuospatial orienting. In disagreement with this finding, Schneider and Bavelier (Cognitive Psychology, 47, 333-366. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0285(03)00035-5 , 2003) found no effect of their instruction to attend. They concluded that nonattentional effects could masquerade as prior entry, which could account for findings such as those in Shore et al.'s endogenous condition. We investigated this empirical and theoretical discord by replicating the temporal-order judgment task used by Shore, Spence, and Klein, while manipulating and measuring endogenous orienting by way of an orthogonal color probe task. We showed evidence of prior entry as a consequence of endogenous orienting, supporting the conclusions of Shore, Spence, and Klein.
铁钦纳（1908年）的优先进入法则指出，“受到关注的对象比我们未关注的对象更快进入意识”，或者说，被关注的刺激比未被关注的刺激更早被感知到。肖尔、斯彭斯和克莱因（《心理科学》，第12卷，第205 - 212页。doi: 10.1111/1467 - 9280.00337，2001年）表明，内源性视觉空间定向实际上确实会引发优先进入效应，尽管程度比外源性视觉空间定向要小。与这一发现不同的是，施耐德和巴维利尔（《认知心理学》，第47卷，第333 - 366页。doi: 10.1016/S0010 - 0285(03)00035 - 5，2003年）发现他们的关注指令没有效果。他们得出结论，非注意效应可能会伪装成优先进入，这可以解释肖尔等人内源性条件下的那些研究结果。我们通过重复肖尔、斯彭斯和克莱因所使用的时间顺序判断任务来研究这一实证和理论上的分歧，同时通过一个正交颜色探测任务来操纵和测量内源性定向。我们展示了内源性定向导致优先进入的证据，支持了肖尔、斯彭斯和克莱因的结论。
