Andrykowski Michael A
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2017 Mar 8;7(1):15. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics7010015.
Evaluation of costs and benefits associated with cancer screening should include consideration of any psychological and behavioral impact associated with screening participation. Research examining the psychological and behavioral impact of screening asymptomatic women for ovarian cancer (OC) was considered. Research has focused upon potential negative psychological (e.g., distress) and behavioral (e.g., reduced future screening participation) impact of false positive (FP) OC test results. Results suggest FP OC screening results are associated with greater short-term OC-specific distress. While distress dissipates over time it may remain elevated relative to pre-screening levels for several weeks or months even after clinical follow-up has ruled out malignancy. The likelihood of participation in future OC screening may also be reduced. Research focused upon identification of any beneficial impact of participation in OC screening associated with receipt of "normal" results was also considered. This research suggests that a "normal" screening test result can have psychological benefits, including increased positive affect and beliefs in the efficacy of screening. It is concluded that any psychological or behavioral harms attributable to OC screening are generally very modest in severity and duration and might be counterbalanced by psychological benefits accruing to women who participate in routine OC screening and receive normal test results.
对癌症筛查相关成本和效益的评估应包括考虑与参与筛查相关的任何心理和行为影响。对筛查无症状女性卵巢癌（OC）的心理和行为影响的研究进行了考量。研究重点关注了卵巢癌筛查假阳性（FP）结果潜在的负面心理（如困扰）和行为（如未来筛查参与度降低）影响。结果表明，卵巢癌筛查假阳性结果与更严重的短期卵巢癌特异性困扰相关。虽然困扰会随着时间消散，但即使在临床随访排除恶性肿瘤后，在数周或数月内，其可能仍高于筛查前水平。参与未来卵巢癌筛查的可能性也可能降低。还考量了聚焦于识别参与卵巢癌筛查并获得“正常”结果所带来的任何有益影响的研究。该研究表明，“正常”的筛查测试结果可能具有心理益处，包括增加积极情绪以及对筛查效果的信心。得出的结论是，卵巢癌筛查所致的任何心理或行为危害在严重程度和持续时间上通常都非常轻微，并且可能会被参与常规卵巢癌筛查并获得正常测试结果的女性所获得的心理益处所抵消。
