University of Southern California, Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Psychological Trauma Program, Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
Child Abuse Negl. 2017 May;67:260-270. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.036. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
Based on attachment theory, we hypothesized that self-reported childhood experiences of disengaged parenting (DP) would predict adults' psychological symptoms even more than, on average, childhood sexual, physical, or psychological abuse. In a large (N=640) university sample, bootstrapped multiple regression analyses indicated that although various forms of child maltreatment were correlated with symptomatology at the univariate level, DP was the primary multivariate predictor. Structural equation modeling indicated significant direct paths from (a) DP to both nonsexual child maltreatment and sexual abuse, (b) DP and nonsexual child maltreatment to insecure attachment, and (c) sexual abuse and insecure attachment to symptomatology. There were significant indirect effects of DP on psychological symptoms through sexual and nonsexual abuse, as well as through attachment. These results suggest that although child abuse has direct and indirect impacts on psychological symptoms, exposure to DP may be especially detrimental, both by increasing the risk of child abuse and by virtue of its impacts on attachment insecurity. They also support the potential use of attachment-oriented intervention in the treatment of adults maltreated as children.
基于依恋理论，我们假设，自我报告的儿童时期父母不参与教养（DP）的经历，即使在平均水平上超过童年性虐待、身体虐待或心理虐待，也会预测成年人的心理症状。在一个大型（N=640）大学样本中， bootstrap 多元回归分析表明，尽管各种形式的儿童虐待在单变量水平上与症状相关，但 DP 是主要的多元预测因素。结构方程模型表明，DP 与（a）非性虐待儿童和性虐待、（b）DP 和非性虐待儿童与不安全依恋、以及（c）性虐待和不安全依恋与症状之间存在显著的直接关系。DP 通过性虐待和非性虐待以及依恋对心理症状有显著的间接影响。这些结果表明，尽管儿童虐待对心理症状有直接和间接的影响，但暴露于 DP 可能尤其有害，不仅增加了儿童虐待的风险，而且还因其对依恋不安全感的影响而有害。它们还支持在治疗受虐待的儿童时使用以依恋为导向的干预措施。
