Kezos James N, Cabral Larry G, Wong Brandon D, Khou Belinda K, Oh Angela, Harb Jerry F, Chiem Danny, Bradley Timothy J, Mueller Laurence D, Rose Michael R
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
J Insect Physiol. 2017 May;99:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.03.004. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
Insects and vertebrates have multiple major physiological systems, each species having a circulatory system, a metabolic system, and a respiratory system that enable locomotion and survival in stressful environments, among other functions. Broadening our understanding of the physiology of Drosophila melanogaster requires the parsing of interrelationships among such major component physiological systems. By combining electrical pacing and flight exhaustion assays with manipulative conditioning, we have started to unpack the interrelationships between cardiac function, locomotor performance, and other functional characters such as starvation and desiccation resistance. Manipulative sequences incorporating these four physiological characters were applied to five D. melanogaster lab populations that share a common origin from the wild and a common history of experimental evolution. While exposure to starvation or desiccation significantly reduced flight duration, exhaustion due to flight only affected subsequent desiccation resistance. A strong association was found between flight duration and desiccation resistance, providing additional support for the hypothesis that these traits depend on glycogen and water content. However, there was negligible impact on rate of cardiac arrests from exhaustion by flight or exposure to desiccant. Brief periods of starvation significantly lowered the rate of cardiac arrest. These results provide suggestive support for the adverse impact of lipids on Drosophila heart robustness, a parallel result to those of many comparable studies in human cardiology. Overall, this study underscores clear distinctions among the connections between specific physiological responses to stress and specific types of physiological performance.
昆虫和脊椎动物拥有多个主要生理系统，每个物种都有一个循环系统、一个代谢系统和一个呼吸系统，这些系统除了其他功能外，还能使它们在压力环境中进行运动和生存。拓宽我们对黑腹果蝇生理学的理解需要剖析这些主要组成生理系统之间的相互关系。通过将电起搏和飞行疲劳试验与操纵条件相结合，我们已经开始揭示心脏功能、运动性能以及其他功能特征（如饥饿和抗干燥能力）之间的相互关系。将包含这四个生理特征的操纵序列应用于五个具有共同野生起源和共同实验进化历史的黑腹果蝇实验室种群。虽然暴露于饥饿或干燥环境会显著缩短飞行持续时间，但飞行导致的疲劳仅会影响随后的抗干燥能力。研究发现飞行持续时间和抗干燥能力之间存在很强的关联，这为这些特征取决于糖原和水分含量的假设提供了额外支持。然而，飞行疲劳或暴露于干燥剂对心脏骤停率的影响可以忽略不计。短暂的饥饿期会显著降低心脏骤停率。这些结果为脂质对果蝇心脏强健性的不利影响提供了暗示性支持，这与人类心脏病学中许多类似研究的结果相似。总体而言，这项研究强调了对应激的特定生理反应与特定类型生理性能之间联系的明显区别。
