Photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis is a newly developed methodology that provides an exquisite route for innovative biomolecular detection. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with unique photophysical properties that have attracted tremendous attentions among the analytical community. QDs-based PEC bioanalysis comprises an important research hotspot in the field of PEC bioanalysis due to its combined advantages and potentials. Currently, it has ignited increasing interests as demonstrated by increased research papers. This review aims to cover the most recent advances in this field. With the discussion of recent examples of QDs-PEC bioanalysis from the literatures, special emphasis will be placed on work reporting on fundamental advances in the signaling strategies of QDs-based PEC bioanalysis from 2013 to now. Future prospects in this field are also discussed.