Lee Cheolho
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Korea.
Curr Genomics. 2022 Apr 7;23(1):5-25. doi: 10.2174/1389202923666220204160912.
MicroRNAs, short single-stranded noncoding RNAs ranging in length from 18 ~ 24 bp, are found in all kingdoms of eukaryotes and even viruses. It was found that miRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes, and their intracellular aberrant expression is related to diseases and abnormalities in the immune system. Since then, it has been considered essential to develop an efficient miRNA detection system. In this review, the limitations of traditional scheme-based miRNA detection methods are compared and analyzed. In particular, nucleic acid amplification-based miRNA detection methods and nanomaterial-based miRNA detection methods, which are widely used as a biosensing platform because of various features and advantages, such as high sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity, are analyzed. Based on this analysis, the latest examples of a combination of the advantages of nucleic acid amplification and those of nanomaterials are examined to suggest the characteristics of the next-generation miRNA biosensing.
微小RNA（MicroRNAs）是长度为18至24个碱基对的短单链非编码RNA，存在于所有真核生物王国甚至病毒中。研究发现，微小RNA参与多种生物学过程，其细胞内异常表达与疾病及免疫系统异常有关。从那时起，开发高效的微小RNA检测系统就被认为至关重要。在本综述中，对基于传统方案的微小RNA检测方法的局限性进行了比较和分析。特别是，基于核酸扩增的微小RNA检测方法和基于纳米材料的微小RNA检测方法，因其具有高灵敏度、特异性和简单性等各种特性和优势而被广泛用作生物传感平台，对它们进行了分析。基于此分析，研究了核酸扩增优势与纳米材料优势相结合的最新实例，以揭示下一代微小RNA生物传感的特点。
