Roles of RUNX in Solid Tumors.

All RUNX genes have been implicated in the development of solid tumors, but the role each RUNX gene plays in the different tumor types is complicated by multiple interactions with major signaling pathways and tumor heterogeneity. Moreover, for a given tissue type, the specific role of each RUNX protein is distinct at different stages of differentiation. A regulatory function for RUNX in tissue stem cells points sharply to a causal effect in tumorigenesis. Understanding how RUNX dysregulation in cancer impinges on normal biological processes is important for identifying the molecular mechanisms that lead to malignancy. It will also indicate whether restoration of proper RUNX function to redirect cell fate is a feasible treatment for cancer. With the recent advances in RUNX research, it is time to revisit the many mechanisms/pathways that RUNX engage to regulate cell fate and decide whether cells proliferate, differentiate or die.