Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Nat Commun. 2017 Mar 16;8:14894. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14894.
Agaricomycetes, or mushrooms, are familiar, conspicuous and morphologically diverse Fungi. Most Agaricomycete fruiting bodies are ephemeral, and their fossil record is limited. Here we report diverse gilled mushrooms (Agaricales) and mycophagous rove beetles (Staphylinidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, the latter belonging to Oxyporinae, modern members of which exhibit an obligate association with soft-textured mushrooms. The discovery of four mushroom forms, most with a complete intact cap containing distinct gills and a stalk, suggests evolutionary stasis of body form for ∼99 Myr and highlights the palaeodiversity of Agaricomycetes. The mouthparts of early oxyporines, including enlarged mandibles and greatly enlarged apical labial palpomeres with dense specialized sensory organs, match those of modern taxa and suggest that they had a mushroom feeding biology. Diverse and morphologically specialized oxyporines from the Early Cretaceous suggests the existence of diverse Agaricomycetes and a specialized trophic interaction and ecological community structure by this early date.
担子菌门，或蘑菇，是熟悉的，明显的和形态多样的真菌。大多数担子菌门的子实体是短暂的，它们的化石记录是有限的。在这里，我们报告了来自白垩纪中期缅甸琥珀中的各种有褶蘑菇（伞菌目）和食菌步行甲（隐翅虫科），后者属于Oxyporinae，现代成员与质地柔软的蘑菇有强制性的联系。四种蘑菇形态的发现，大多数都有一个完整的完整帽盖，包含明显的菌褶和茎干，表明了大约 9900 万年的身体形态进化停滞不前，突出了担子菌门的古生物多样性。早期 Oxyporinae 的口器，包括增大的下颚和极度增大的顶部唇瓣，具有密集的专门感觉器官，与现代分类群相匹配，表明它们具有蘑菇摄食生物学。早白垩世多样化和形态特化的 Oxyporinae 表明，在这一早期就存在多样化的担子菌门和专门的营养相互作用以及生态群落结构。
